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6 Flashcards

1
Q

Moa of alcohols

A

denatures proteins and inhibits metabolites necessary for cell division

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2
Q

isopropyl alcohol better for

A

non enveloped viruses and bacteria

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3
Q

ethyl alcohol better for

A

enveloped viruses and bacteria as it has greater lipophilic properties

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4
Q

antimicrobial properties of alcohols are best in the range of

A

60-90%

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5
Q

___ increases efficacy of alcohols

A

water

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6
Q

Mao of ammonie

A

saponifies lipids in the envelopes of microorgs

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7
Q

ammonia releases __ if mixed with bleach

A

chloramine

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8
Q

effect of aldehydes on bacterial spores

A

low conc inhibits germination and high conc are sporicidal

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9
Q

aldehyde action on mycobacteria

A

interacts w cell wall

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10
Q

aldehyde action on other bacteria

A

strong association with outer layers and cross linking of amino groups in protein inhibiting transport into cell

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11
Q

types of aldehydes

A

gluteraldehyde and formaldehyde

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12
Q

uses of aldehydes

A

antisepsis, preservative, disinf

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13
Q

what can ortho pthaldehyde do

A

block spore germination

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14
Q

Mao of OPA

A

interacts w proteins, aa and microorganisms but its lipphilicity is likely to increase its entry into mycobacteria and Gneg bacteria

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15
Q

concerns w opa

A

not irritant, good stability and no door, excellent material compatibility BUT stains proteins gray

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16
Q

uses of biguanides

A

antisepsis

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17
Q

types of biguanides

A

chlorhexidine and alexifine

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18
Q

is chlorhexidine bactericidal or static

A

cidal

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19
Q

activity of chlorhexidine is reduced by

A

organic matter

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20
Q

MoA of chlorhexidine

A

damages outer membrane, enters outer membrane by passive diffusion, attacks bacterial cytoplasm, yeast plasma membrane or inner membrane

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21
Q

alexidine vs chlorhex

A

Alex has faster onset of bacterucidal activity and bacterial permeability enhancing

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22
Q

Mao of alexidine

A

destroys bacterial membrane and causes apoptosis

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23
Q

do hypochlorites leave toxic residues

A

no

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24
Q

do hypochlorites act on biofilms

A

yes

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25
Q

how does increase in ph affect dissociation of HOCl and dis efficacy

A

decreases w increased ph

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26
Q

Mao of chlorine compounds

A

inhibition of protein synthesis, Dan disruption, ring chlorination of AAs, loss of intracellular components

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27
Q

other types of chlorine compounds

A

sodium dichloroisocyanurate, chloramine

28
Q

how are alternative chlorine compounds diff from sodium hypochlrite solution

A

more strong bactericidal effect and longer duration of action. sodium dichloroisocyanurate is solid form

29
Q

uses of iodine vs iodophor

A

iodine used as antispetic while iodophor used as D and antiseptic

30
Q

Mao of iodine

A

can penetrate cell wall leading to disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis

31
Q

example of iodiphor

A

povidone iodine, a compound of polyvinylpyrrolidone

32
Q

how does dilution affect activity of iodophors

A

increases ac ivy by releasing more free I2

33
Q

peroxygens moa

A

acts as an oxidant and generates hydroxyl free radicals that attack lipids, proteins, DNA

34
Q

range of activity of H2O2

A

yeast, bacteria, fungi, virus, spores

35
Q

greater peroxide activity is seen in

A

gpos than gneg but presence of catalase or peroxidases can increase tolerance

36
Q

accelerated hydrogen peroxide

A

contains h2o2 and surfactant, emulsifier or organic acid

37
Q

is chlorine safer of accelerated h2o2

A

accelerated h2o2

38
Q

per acetic acid activity

A

Bacteria, virus, fungi, spores

39
Q

which is more potent h2o2 or peracetic acid

A

peracetic acid as it can kill spores at low conc

40
Q

peracetic acid Mao

A

denatures proteins and enzymes and increases cell wall permeability by disrupting sufhydryl and sulphur bonds

41
Q

what does peracetic acid decompose to

A

acetic acid and oxygen which are safe

42
Q

main application of peracetic acid

A

low temp liquid sterilant for devices

43
Q

phenols uses

A

D, antiseptic, preservative

44
Q

Mao of phenols

A

induces progressive lake of intracell components including K+ which is the first sign of membrane damage

45
Q

chloroxylenol moa

A

disruption of cell wall and inactivation of enzymes

46
Q

chloroxylenol is often used with

A

eidetic acid which is a chelating agent

47
Q

diamidines names

A

propamidine and dibromopropamidine

48
Q

uses of diamidines

A

antiseptis

49
Q

Mao of diamidines

A

inhibits oxygen uptake and leakage of AAs

50
Q

2 types of silver compounds

A

silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine

51
Q

silver nitrate moa

A

interaction with thiol groups in enzymes and proteins. also affects nucleic acids and cytoplasmic membrane

52
Q

which silver compound has broader spectrum of activity

A

silver sulfadiazine

53
Q

QAC uses

A

disinfection on preop UNBROKEN skin, disinfection of non critical surfaces eg furniture floors etc

54
Q

are QAC sporocidal

55
Q

Mao of QAC

A

adsorption and penetration into cell wall
interacts w cytoplasmic membrane
degrades proteins and nucleic acids,
leakage of intracell low MW products
wall lysis caused by autolytic enzymes

56
Q

spectrum of QAC

A

bactericidal, virucidal against enveloped viruses and fungicidal

57
Q

eg of QAC

58
Q

activity of BAK is more marked against __ and minimal activity against

A

Gpos than neg
minimal activity against bacterial spores and acid fast bacteria

59
Q

use of BAK

A

as preservative

60
Q

eucalyptus is eff against

A

e coli and staph aureus and disinfectant in mining operatiosn

61
Q

heat sensitive medical devices can be sterilised by

A

liquid sterilants eg gluteraldehyde, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide

62
Q

vapour. phase sterilants used in cold systems are

A

ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid

63
Q

ethylene oxide gas used for sterilising has residues that can be removed by

64
Q

UV lamp moa

A

disrupts DNA and nucleic acids

65
Q

UV effectiveness depends on

A

presence of organic matter

66
Q

which D only work on lipoviruses

A

QAC, phenolics,

67
Q

which D work on spores

A

aldehydes, chlorine compounds QAC, peracetic acid

dsv (6 decks)

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