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Bacto practical > 5th Test - General characterisation of Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. > Flashcards

5th Test - General characterisation of Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobacteria can be found in the gastrointestinal tract only?

A

False

also in genital tract, respiratory tract and in the environment

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2
Q

Enterobacteria are middle-sized Gram-positive rods?

A

False, gram negative

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3
Q

Enterobacteria are obligate anaerobic bacteria?

A

False, (they are aerobic, facultative anaerobic)

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae are oxidase-negative bacteria?

A

True

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5
Q

Shigella species are motile bacteria?

A

False, not motile

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6
Q

MacConkey agar contains phenol red as a pH indicator?

A

False, contains Drigalski agar (neutral red)

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7
Q

MacConkey agar contains glucose as a carbon source?

A

False, lactose

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8
Q

Pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from the gut of piglets possess F5, F17 or F41 fimbrial antigens?

A

False
(F4, F6, F18=swine,
F5, F17, F41 = cattle)

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9
Q

E. coli can cause septicaemia in calves?

A

True

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10
Q

Klebsiella species are lactose-negative bacteria?

A

False, they are lactose-positive

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11
Q

Enterobacteriaceae are Gram-negative bacteria?

A

True

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12
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia is flagellated?

A

False, no flagella

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13
Q

Bismuth-sulphite agar is used to isolate E. coli?

A

False, used to isolate salmonella

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14
Q

E. coli strains can form capsules which were isolated from swine?

A

False, in calf (swine: haemolysis)

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15
Q

Enterobacteria are fastidious bacteria?

A

False (simple)

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16
Q

Oedema-disease is caused by E. coli in neonatal piglets?

A

False, in weaned piglets

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17
Q

Klebsiella pneumonia cannot produce a capsule?

A

False, has capsule

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18
Q

Enterobacter cloacae are a lactose-negative bacteria?

A

False, lactose positive

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19
Q

E. coli is an obligate pathogenic species?

A

False (most of them are saprophytic, some are facultative pathogenic

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20
Q

E. coli is an indole-positive bacteria?

A

True

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21
Q

Normal habitat of Enterobacteriaceae

A

Gut - Feces to the environment

  • Most are Saprophytes
    = inhibits growth of unwanted pathogen
  • Produce Vitamins
  • Help in digestion
  • Some contain enzymes (host has not)
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22
Q

Morphology of Enterobacteriaceae

A

Mid sized (1-3 micrometer)
ROD
FLAGELLA
(not shigella and Klebsiella)

Some have CAPSULE and FINBRIA

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23
Q

Morphology of Enterobacteriaceae

RESISTANCE

A

Fair, average resistance

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24
Q

Only Enterobacteriaceae has lactose + bacterias
- Lactose test will give you only 3 bacterias left
Which

A

E-Coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

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25
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Staining

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

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26
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Culture

A 
SIMPLE
AEROBIC
FACULATIVE ANAEROBE
10-45 degrees (37 degrees)
Wide temperature range wher proppagation is possible
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27
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Culture
How long time to produce colony?

A

1 day

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28
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Selective and Differential media

A
  • Offen contain manny bacteria!!!!

Differentation is maily due to LACTOSE Fermentation

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29
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Selective ENRICHMENT

A
  1. Salmonella - Combined media, can examine many features of bacteria at the same time
    - Mainly used in food hygiene, not in clinical diagnostics
  2. Chromogene Media, media containing chemicals. = When a reaction occurs it changes color.
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30
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Selective ENRICHMENT
Chromogene Media

A
  1. RAMBACH AGAR
    = Fermentation of propylene glycol - TURNS PINK….
  2. GLYCOL - same but for SALMONELLA
  3. Chromocult coliform agar
    = differentiate btw E.COLI and COLIFORM
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31
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Media contain

A

All media contains:

  1. LACTOSE,
  2. INDICATOR and
  3. INHIBITORY MATERIALS
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32
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Culture
Has LOW SELECTIVE CAPACITY
True or False

A

TRUE
Like Gram + bacterias
ALL KIND of Enterobacteriaceae and gram + spp can Propagate

33
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Culture
LOW SELECTIVE CAPACITY
Propagation on which media

A
  1. Crystal violet - Lactose - litmus (DRIGALSKI)
  2. Crystal Violet - Bile Salts - Lactose - Neutral Red (macconkey), Bilesalts inhiibit swarming
  3. Eosin - Lactose - Methylene Blue
34
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

What inhibit swarming?

A

Bilesalts inhiibit swarming

35
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Culture
MEDIUM SELECTIVE CAPACITY

A

NOT all kind of Enterobacterium can propagate, only the ones most important.

E.COLLI + SALMONELLA

1, Brilliant Green - Lactose - Phenol red

ESCHERICHIA and SALMONELLA

  1. Deoxychocolate-citrate-lactose-neutral trd
    = (dc.) SHIGELLA
36
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Culture
HIGH SELECTIVE CAPACITY

A

Designed for ISOLATION of SALMONELLA

Bismuth-Sulphite Agar

37
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Biochemistry

A

Catalase +
Oxidase -
FERMENTATIVE
(Acid+gass formation)

38
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Biochemistry
Antigens

A

Importaint since the bacteria are so WIDESPREAD
Importaint for differentiation

O=Cellwalll
K= Kapsule
H= Flagella 
(not shigella or Klebsiella)
F= Fimbria (generally involved with pathogenicity)
39
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Biochemistry
Grouping

A
  1. Genus= Biochemical characteristics
  2. Species= Biochemical and serological characteristics
  3. Serogroups= O antigens
  4. Serotype = O-K-H-F
  5. Biotypes= Fermentation Patterns
40
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

Pathogenicity

A

Obligate Pathogenic
Faculative Pathogenic
Saprophytic (most ssp)

41
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Pathogenicity
LACTOSE +

A

LACTOSE POSITIVE=

ESCHERICHIA
KLEBSIELLA
ENTEROBACTER

42
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Pathogenicity
LACTOSE -

A

LACTOSE NEGATIVE=

  1. Salmonella
  2. Shigella
  3. Yersinia
  4. Proteus
  5. Providencia
  6. Edwardsiella
  7. Serratia
  8. Citrobacter
43
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

INDOL

A
    1. E.COLI = +
    1. KLEBSIELLA = -
    1. ENTEROBATER = -
44
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

UREASE

A
    1. E.COLI = -
    1. KLEBSIELLA = +
    1. ENTEROBATER = +
45
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

LACTOSE

46
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

MANNITOL

47
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

METYLRED

A
    1. E.COLI = +
    1. KLEBSIELLA = -
    1. ENTEROBATER = -

AS INDOL

48
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

VOGES-PROSKAUER

A
    1. E.COLI = -
    1. KLEBSIELLA = +
    1. ENTEROBATER = +
49
Q
    1. E.COLI
    1. KLEBSIELLA
    1. ENTEROBATER

H2S
Phenylalanine-deaminase

A

All negative
Phenylalanine-deaminase- - -
H2S- - -

50
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Habitat

A

WIDE

  1. Gut
  2. Respiratory way
  3. Genital Tract
  4. Environment
  5. Mucous membranes
51
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Morphology

A

ROD
CAPSULE, Widely produced
NO FLAGELLA

52
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Culture

A
  • LARGE, MERGING, MUCOID colonies
  • Single colonies - hard to see
    (extensive capsule)
  • Rapid change of color (indicator)
    = FAST METABOLISM
53
Q

KLEBSIELLA
Culture
What happen if they are allowed to grow for a long time?

A
  • They will FERMENT all the LACTOSE and start to
  • DEGRADE the ACIDS produced.
  • When all acids are degraded = PH will increase
54
Q

KLEBSIELLA

Biochemistry/Antigens

A

Lactose +
VOGES PROSKAUER test +
Urease +

AG= 82 serogroupes (capsule) - Correlalted with disease

55
Q

KLEBSIELLA

PATHOGENICITY

A

K.PNEUMONIAE
- Sagophytic most

Faculative pathogenic=

  1. CALF = Bronchitis and Bronchopneumoniae
  2. COW = Mastitis
  3. MARE = Metritis
  4. HUMAN = Pneumoniae and Urogenital infections
56
Q

ENTEROBACTER Habitat

A

Gut

Environment

57
Q

ENTEROBACTER

Morphology

A

ROD

CAPSULE

58
Q

ENTEROBACTER

Culture

A

MUCOID Colonies

59
Q

ENTEROBACTER

Biochemistry

A

Lactose +

VOGES PROSKAUER test +

60
Q

ENTEROBACTER

Pathogenicity

A

SAPROPHYTIC
Rarely respiratory infection - HUMAN
E. CLOACAE
E. AEROGENES

61
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Habitat

A

Gut (gut flora)

Mucous membranes

62
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Morphology + Resistance

A 
2-3 microm.
ROD
CAPSULE ( especially CATTLE)
FLAGELLA
FIMBRIA

MEDIUM RESISTANCE

63
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Staining

A

Gram NEGATIVE

64
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Culture

A

As ENTEROBACTERACEAE
AEROBIC, FACULATIVE ANAEROBIC

SIMPLE NUTRIENT AGAR or BROTH

Capsule (calf)
Haemolysis (Swine)
- Swine strain have haemolysing capacity, indipendent from what disease they are collected.

65
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Culture
Which species has HAEMOLYSING CAPACITY OF THE STRAINS

66
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Culture
Propagate on

A

SIMPLE NUTRIENT AGAR or BROTH

67
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Biochemistry

A

Lactose +
Indol +
(bact are able to produce indol from tryptophane)

68
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Biochemistry
ANTIGENS

A

O: Type specific (174 types)
K = Heat stabile (A) and heat labile (K)= 80 types
F= 19 types

F1= Common fimbra
F2,F3= Human
F4(K88), F6(987p), F18 (ab/ac) = SWINE
F5 (K99), F17, F41 = Cattle
F7-F16: UTI (urinary tr. inf) = Human and poultry

H= 57 types

69
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Pathogenicity

A

Sagophyte

- FACULATIVE PATHOGENIC (small fraction)

70
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
Cattle and COW

A 
CALF=  Calf coli-diarrhoea and Septicaemia
COW = MASTITIS and METRITIS
71
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
SWINE

A

1- Coli-diarrhoea of neonatal PIGGLETS

2- Weaned Pigglets = Coli-diarrhoea and EDEMA diseases

  1. SOW = MASTITIS and METRITIS
72
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
Lamb

A

Lamb, Kid= Coli-diarrhoea

73
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
POULTRY

A
  1. day-old chicken = SEPTICAEMIA
  2. Chichen
    = SEPTICAEMIA and RESPIRATORY disease
  3. Older = LESIONS in ORGANS

= NO DIARRHOEA

74
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
Foal, Dog, Cat

A

Coli-Diarrhoea

SEPTICAEMIA

75
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
HUMAN

A
  1. Neonatal Enteritis
  2. Septicaemia
  3. Urogenital infections
  4. Enteritis
  5. Haemorrhagic Enterocolitis
76
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
PATHOGENIC E-COLI STRAINS

A
  1. ENTEROPATHOGENIC strains
    - INTIMIN, Protein on surface of bacteria
    - Attaches on enterocytes of mucous membranes
    - Destroy cells
  2. ENTEROTOXIGENIC strains
    - ADHESIVE FACTORS, ENTEROTOXIN
    - Peptides change function of enterocytes
    - instead of absorbing water and nutrients = EXCRETE = Diarrhoea
  3. VEROTOXIGENIC strains (VT1 and VT2)
    - VEROTOXINS
    - Inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    - Attack ENDOCELLS
  4. NEUROTOXIC strains
    (cytotoxic necrotic factor producing)
    - Attack EPITHELIA CELLS of the gut
  5. ENTEROINVASIVE strains
  6. ENTEROADHESIVE-AGGREGATIVE strains
  7. SEPTICAEMIC STRAINS
77
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
Species having
ENTEROINVASIVE strains

A

(Humans)

SHIGELLA

78
Q

ESCHERICHIA COLI
Pathogenicity
Species having
ENTEROADHESIVE-AGGREGATIVE strains

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