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Bacto practical > 3rd test - Staphillococcus, Streptococcus > Flashcards

3rd test - Staphillococcus, Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Screptococci can be observed in a smear as Gram positive coccoid bacteria forming brunches of grape

True or false

A

False

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2
Q

Spreptoococci are obligathe pathogenic bacteria

True or false

A

True

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3
Q

During the Gram staining we use the 96% alcohol to extract safranin or fuchsin from the Gram + bacteria
True or false

A

false

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4
Q

We can culture Staphylococci selectively by using 10 % NaCl, mannit and phenol-red containing agar.
True or false

A

True

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5
Q

Staphylococcus intermedius belongs to the group of coagulase negative Staphylococci.
True or false

A

false

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6
Q

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius causes otitis externa or dermatitis in dog and cat.
True or false

A

True

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7
Q

A Streptococcus porcinus causes the exudative epidermitis of the pigs.
True or false

A

False

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8
Q

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis are important causative agents of mastitis for ruminants.
True or false

A

False

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9
Q

The Enterococci have a higher pH optimum, compared to the other bacteria.
True or false

A

True

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10
Q

Lactobacilli, thanks to their active fermentation, can produce lactate in food-this featxxx xxx used in the food industry
True or false

A

True

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11
Q

Staphylococci can be observed in a smear as Gram positive coccoid bacteria in chains
True or false

A

True

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12
Q

During the Gram staining we can extract crystal violet and Lugol solutions from Gram + bacteria
True or false

A

false

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13
Q

MRSA means meticillin resistant Streptococcus agalactioe
True or false

A

false

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14
Q

We can differentiate between Staphylococci and Streptococci by their pigment production
True or false

A

True

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15
Q

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus bovis can cause septicaemia in severe cases
True or false

A

True

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16
Q

The horse strangles is caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis
True or false

A

false

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17
Q

The scarlet fever is caused by toxin producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes
True or false

A

true

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18
Q

Staphylococci are more fastidious bacteria compared to the Streptococci
True or false

A

false

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19
Q

The Lactobacilli have a higher pH optimum, compared to the other bacteria
True or false

A

false

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20
Q

Lactococci and Lactobacilli can be given as probiotics in case of dysbacteriosis
True or false

A

True

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21
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram negative coccus
True or false

A

False

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22
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of dog ulcerative stomatitis.
True or false

A

False?

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23
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a haemolytic, pyogen bacteria.
True or false

A

True

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24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes can propagate themselves (grow) on 4°C
True or false

A

True

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25
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can porduce capsule around the cell which give resistance against phagocytosis.
True or false

A

False

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26
Q

Streptococci and Erysipelothrix infection can produce endocarditis in non treated cases.
True or false

A

True?

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27
Q

The name of Staphylococcus aureus come from that it was first detected on the gold miner skin surface.
True or false

A

False?

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28
Q

Gram negative strains have a blue color after Gram staining.
True or false

A

False

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29
Q

Smears were fixated with heat over the flame of bunsen-burner.
True or false

A

True

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30
Q

Staphylococci can survive in dried exsudatum for long time (e.g.: several months)
True or false

A

True

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31
Q

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive coccus
True or false

A

False

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32
Q

Streptococci spp. are apathogen, saprophyte bacteria and belong to the normal skin flora.
True or false

A

False?

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33
Q

The main coagulase positive species are: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Stpahylococcus aureus subsp. anaeroblus
True or false

A

True

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34
Q

Listeria monocytogenes caused main diseases forms are: septicaemia. abortion and encephalitis.
True or false

A

True

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35
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cannot infect birds or other mammals than swine.
True or false

A

false

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36
Q

Staphylococcus aureus can produce antibiotics which rarely have resistance among bacteria
True or false

A

True?

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37
Q

During the Gram-staining method we wash the slide with raw spirit in order to destain the Gram positive bacteria.
True or false

A

False

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38
Q

Bacteria smears are dried in the refrigerator.
True or false

A

False

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39
Q

Gram positive strains have a blue color after Gram staining.
True or false

A

True

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40
Q

Steptococci spp. Take part in formation of the normal skin and mucus microflora
True or false

A

True

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41
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram negative coccus
True or false

A

False

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42
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of dog ulcerative stomatitis.
True or false

A

False

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43
Q

Staphylococcus aureus is a haemolytic, pyogen bacteria.
True or false

A

True

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44
Q

Listeria monocytogenes can propagate themselves (grow) on 4 °C.
True or false

45
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can porduce capsule around the cell which give resistance against phagocytosis.
True or false

46
Q

Streptococci and Erysipelothrix infection can produce endocarditis in non treated cases.
True or false

47
Q

The name of Staphylococcus aureus come from that it was first detected, on the gold miner skin surface
True or false

48
Q

Gram negative strains have a blue color after Gram staining.
True or false

49
Q

Smears were fixated with heat over the flame of bunsen-burner.
True or false

50
Q

Staphylococci can survive in dried exsudatum for long time (e.g.: several months)
True or false

51
Q

Staphylococcus
Habitat

A

occurs world wide
- Commensals on skin, mucous membranes
(upper respiratory tract, lower urogenital)
- Food
- Plant
- Soil
- Water

52
Q

Staphylococcus
Morphology

A
  • Coccus (1 micrometer in diameter)
  • Irregular cluster (buch of grapes)
  • Non-motile (NO FLAGELLA)
  • Do NOT form SPORES
  • NO CAPSULE
53
Q

Staphylococcus
Culture

A
  • Not fastidious, simple
    (nutrient agar, air, 37 degrees, 1 day)
  • FACULATIVE ANAEROBE (exc S.a.ssp.anaerobius)
  • Colony morphology: White, opaque, 1-3 micrometer in diam
  • Pigment:
    (White, bovine and human-STRAINS - Golden yellow)
  • S.a.ssp ANAEROBIUS = no pigment production, HAEMOLYSINS (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), Animal trains of S. aureus and S. Pseudointermedius usually produce alpha and beta HAEMOLYSINS
  • Selective culture of staphillococci
    10% NaCl - Mannitol - Phenolred agar
    Na-tellurite - Glycine - Pyruvic Acid - Eggyolk
    —-> Black colonies

Blood agar with nalidixic acid and colistrin

54
Q

Staphylococcus
Biochemistry/ Antigens

A

Catalase + (exc. S.a.ssp ANAEROBIUS)
Oxidase -
Fermentative

Ag: Complex
Complete hemosysis caused by alpha HAEMOLYSINS
Incompleete hemolysis caused by beta HAEMOLYSINS
(ring figure) - Sheep or ox blood agar

55
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase positive bacterias

A

S.aureus ssp. Aureus
S. Aureus ssp ANAEROBIUS
S.Pseudointermedius

56
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase negative bacterias

A

S.Hyicus
S.Epidermidis
S. haemolyticu
S. Gallinarium
S. Equorum
S. Felis

57
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase positive bacterias
S. aureus ssp. AUREUS (biotype A-E)

A

Local suppuration, abcesses, Infections following surgery:
Many species
- Arthritis (poultry)
- Mastitis (cattle, sheep, goat, pig, horse)
- Metritis (pig)
- Dermatitis (sheep, goat, rabbit, poultry)
- Udder impetigo (cattle, pig)
- Septicaemia (tick pyaemia of 2-5 weeks lamb, rabbit, turkey)
- Botryomycosis in horses (spermatic chord) after castration

58
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase positive bacterias
S. Aureus ssp ANAEROBIUS

A

Morel disease of sheep (caseous lymphadenitis)

59
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase positive bacterias
S.Pseudointermedius

A

Dog, Cat:

  • Pyoderma,
  • Pyometra,
  • Otis externa,
  • mastitis,
  • endometritis,
  • cystitis,
  • osteomyelitis,
  • wound infections
60
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase positive bacterias
S.Hyicus

A

Exudative epidermis (greasy pig disease): under 3months of age.

61
Q

Staphylococcus
Coagulase positive bacterias
S.Epidermidis
S. haemolyticu
S. Gallinarium
S. Equorum
S. Felis

A

Dermatitis
Local suppuration

62
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
Coagulase

A
  • Convert fibrinogen to fibrin
  • Fibrin deposition may shield staphylococci from phagocytic cells.
63
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factors

A
  1. Coagulase
  2. Lipases
    Esterases
    Elastases
    Staphylo-kinase
    deoxyribonuclease
    Hyalurenidase
    Phospoholipase
  3. Surface proteins (Protein A)
  4. Leukocidin
  5. Alpha toxin
  6. Beta toxin
  7. Exfoliative toxin
  8. Enterotoxin
  9. Toxic shock syndrome toxins
64
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
2.
Lipases
Esterases
Elastases
Staphylo-kinase
deoxyribonuclease
Hyalurenidase
Phospoholipase

A

Extra cellular enzymes which promote tissue invation

65
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
3. Surface proteins (Protein A)

A

Bind to Fc portion of IgG and inhibits Phagocytosis

66
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
4. Leukocidin

A

Cytolytic destruction of Phagocytes

67
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
5. Alpha toxin (haemolysin)

A

Spasm of smooth muscles
necrotizing, lethal
Major toxin in gangrenous mastitis

68
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
6. Beta toxin

A

Damages cell membranes

69
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
7. Exfoliative toxin

A

Responsible for skin lesions in humans

70
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
8. Enterotoxin

A

Heat stable toxins assosiated with staphylococcal food poisoning in humans

71
Q

Staphylococcus
Virulence factor - Pathogenic effect
9. Toxic shock syndrome toxins

A

Induce tissue damage in humans

72
Q

Micrococcus
Habitat

A

Environment
mucous membranes
food
Skin
air

73
Q

Micrococcus
Morphology

A

Coccus
Pigment - yellow, pink, orange

74
Q

Micrococcus
Biochemistry / Antigens

A

Catalase +
Oxidase -
OF: O/-
OBLIGATE AEROBIC

75
Q

Micrococcus
Patogenicity

A

SAGOPHYTE - not pathogenic

76
Q

Enterococcus
Habitat

A

Intestinal tract of animals and man

77
Q

Enterococcus
Morphology

A

Some isolates are motile

78
Q

Enterococcus
Culture

A

Tolerate bile salts
Grow on MACCOGNEY agar (red pin-point colonies)
10-15degrees
Ph= 9,6
Lancefield D
alpha haemolysis

79
Q

Enterococcus Biochemistry/antiigens

A

Previously in group D sthreptococci since they possesses the group D cell wall antigens

80
Q

Enterococcus
Pathogenicity

A

Mainly SAPROPHYTES
E.facealis
E. faeciu
E.avium
E.Gallinarium

Sometimes cause endocarditis and abcesses

81
Q

LACTOCOCUS
Culture

A

Lancefield N

82
Q

ANAEROBIC COCCI
PATHOGENICITY

A

Peptococcus: Metitis, Arthritis, Pneumonia
Peptosthreptococcus
- Peptoniphillus indolicus (bovine summer mastitis)
A. Pyogenies
S. Dysgalactica
Ruminococcus (saphrophyte)
Sarcina(saphrophyte) in rumen, og other non-ruminant in large intestine for monogastric animal grroup

83
Q

LACTOBACILI
Habitat

A

Mucous membrane
Gut
food
feed
plant

84
Q

LACTOBACILI
Morphology

A

Long, thin, sometimes curved rods

85
Q

LACTOBACILI
Staining

A

Gram positive

86
Q

LACTOBACILI
Culture

A

Microphillic
Optimal temp at: 30-40 degrees of celcius

87
Q

LACTOBACILI
Biochemical/ Antigens

A

Active fermentation
lactate
Ph= 5,0
Silage

88
Q

LACTOBACILI
Pathogenicity

A

Saphrophytes

  1. Delbrucki ssp bulgaricus
  2. L. Delbrucki ssp lactis
    3, L. Acidohillus
    4, L, salvarius
  3. L.plantarum
89
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS
Habitat

A
  • Distributed world wide
  • Commensals on skin
  • Mucous membranes
    (upper resp, lower genital, digestive tract)
  • Food
  • Milk
90
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS
Morphology and resistance

A
  • Coccus (1micrometer in diameter)
  • CHAIN FORMATION
  • Capsule (polysaccharide) -
    (S.Pyogenes, S.Pneumoniae, S.Equi)
  • Cell wall M proteins
    (S. Pyogenes, S. Equi, S.porcinus)
  • Anti phagocytic effect
  • NO FLAGELLA (non-motile)
  • Fimbria (S.pyogenes, S.salivarius, S.Sanguinis)
  • NO SPORES

Resistance: Good
Survive for weeks in dark, wet environment
Susceptible to desiccation

91
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS
Staining

A

Gram-POSITIVE

92
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS
Culture

A

More fastidious
- Require enriched media (blood or serum)

  • Facultative anaerobe
  • *- CO2 enhance the growth**
  • *- Incubation aerobically**, 37 degrees, 24-48 hours

Small translucent colonies

  • *-Usually hemolytic**
  • *Alpha**: Partial or incompleete - Greenish or hazy zones around the colonies
  • *Beta**: Compleete - Clear zones around the colonies
  • *Gamma**: No observable haemolysis

No growth on MacCONKEY agar

Selective culture: EDWARDS-AGAR

(Chrystal violet, thallium-SO4, Esculin, blood)

93
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

Biochemistry/Antigens

A

Catalase -

Oxidase -

Fermentative

Glycosides: Esculin, Salicin

Extracellular enzymes and toxins:

Straptolysins (Haemolysins)

Fibrinolysin

Hyaluronidase

DNase

NADase

Streptokinase

Protease

Ag:

Complex

Lancefield- grouping: Cellwall polysaccharide (A-W)

Other specific antigens:

- Capsule antigens:

(S.Pyogenes, S.suis, S.Pneumoniae, S.equi)

Grouping:

Haemolysis

Biochemical characteristics

Antigens

94
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

Types

A

S. Pyogenes

S. Agalactiae, S.dysgalactiae, S.uberis

S.Dysgalactiae ssp equisimilis

S.Equi

S.Equi ssp. equi

S. Equi ssp. zooepidemicus

S.suis septicaemia

S.porcinus lymphadenitis

S. Canis

S. Salivarius, S.Sanguinis, S.Mutans

S.Pneumoniae

95
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S. Pyogenes

A

Human:

1. Scarlet fever

2. Rheumatic fever

  • glomerulonephritis,
  • Pharyngitis
  • Tonsilitis
    3. Human erypelas, Impetigo
96
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S. Agalactiae, S.dysgalactiae, S.uberis

97
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S.Dysgalactiae ssp equisimilis

A

Lymphadenitis, ABORTION in HORSES

Because of abort, no milk production = dysgalactic

98
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S.Equi

S.Equi ssp. equi

S. Equi ssp. zooepidemicus

A
  1. S. Equi ssp. equi = STRANGLES in HORSES
  2. S.Equi ssp. zooepidermicus

= Suppuration, septicemia in human, mastitis

99
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S.suis septicemia

S.porcinus lymphadenitis

A

S.suis septicemia - ARTHRITIS, MENINGITIS

S. Porcinus lymphadenitis = Abcesses

100
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S. Canis

A

Metritis

Septicaemia

101
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S. Salivarius, S.Sanguinis, S.Mutans

A

ORAL STREPTOCOCCI

102
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

S.Pneumoniae

A

Pneumonia (human, guinea-pig and rat)

Meningitis

103
Q

Staphylococcus

Staining arangement

Spore

Motillity

Growth in air

Growth in anaerobe environment

Catalase

Oxidase

OF test

A

Staining arrangement

= Gr+, irregular arrangemet, bunch of grapes

Spore = NO -

Motillity= NO-

Growth in air= YES+

Growth in anaerobe environment= YES +

Catalase = YES +

Oxidase = NO-

OF test= F

104
Q

Streptococcus

Staining arrangement

Spore

Motillity

Growth in air

Growth in anaerobe environment

Catalase

Oxidase

OF test

A

Staining arrangement

= Gr+, in CHAINS, (from broth culture, pus, milk)

Spore = NO -

Motillity= NO-

Growth in air= YES+

Growth in anaerobe environment= YES +

Catalase = NO +

Oxidase = NO-

OF test= F

105
Q

MICROCOCCUS

Staining arrangement

Spore

Motillity

Growth in air

Growth in anaerobe environment

Catalase

Oxidase

OF test

A

Staining arrangement

= Gr+, alone, in pairs, irregular clusters, packages of 4/6

Spore = NO -

Motillity= NO-

Growth in air= YES+

Growth in anaerobe environment= NO -

Catalase = YES +

Oxidase = YES+

OF test= O/-

106
Q

ANAEROBE COCCUS

Staining arrangement

Spore

Motillity

Growth in air

Growth in anaerobe environment

Catalase

Oxidase

OF test

A

Staining arrangement

= Gr+, alone, in chains, Irregular clusters, packages of 4

Spore = NO -

Motillity= NO-

Growth in air= NO-

Growth in anaerobe environment= YES +

Catalase = NO -

Oxidase = NO-

OF test= F/-

107
Q

RHODOCOCCUS

Staining arrangement

Spore

Motility

Growth in air

Growth in anaerobe environment

Catalase

Oxidase

OF test

A

Staining arrangement

= Gr+, Cocci or rods

Spore = NO -

Motillity= NO-

Growth in air= YES+

Growth in anaerobe environment= NO -

Catalase = YES +

Oxidase = YES+-

OF test= -

108
Q

Staining arangement

STAPHYLOCOCCUS

STREPTOCOCCUS

MICROCOCCUS

ANAEROBE COCCUS

RHODOCOCCUS

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