5.PTA 220-Acute Care and Orthotics

Question 1

an external appliance worn to restrict or assist motion; or to transfer load from one area to another.

Answer 1

Orthotic device

Question 2

Orthotic Devices

Answer 2

Cervical Orthoses (CO)
Trunk Orthoses (TO)
Hip Orthoses (HO)
Knee Orthoses (KO)
Foot Orthoses (FO)
Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO)
Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFO)
Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (HKAFO) 
Trunk-Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (THKAFO)

Question 3

minimal motion control, encircles the neck with fabric, resilient foam, or rigid plastic.

Answer 3

soft cervical collar

Question 4

has mandibular and occipital extensions and a rigid anterior strut; it is sometimes used for upper cervical injuries.

Answer 4

Philadelphia collar

Question 5

For moderate control; a four post orthosis is used. It has two anterior adjustable posts joining a sternal plate to a mandibular plate and two posterior uprights connecting a thoracic plate to an occipital plate. The sternal plate is strapped to the thoracic plate and the occipital plate is strapped to the mandibular plate.

Answer 5

Posted collars

Question 6

maximum orthotic control of the neck; a noninvasive appliance that has a rigid plastic posterior section extending from the head to the mid-trunk. the superior portion is held in place by a forehead band.

Answer 6

Minerva collars

Question 7

maximum orthotic control of the neck; has a circular band of metal that is fixed to the skull by 4 tiny screws. Uprights connect the halo to a thoracic orthosis.

Answer 7

Halo collar

Question 8

If abdominal pressure is the sole goal, this will suffice. It is a fabric orthosis that has no horizontal rigid structures, although some have vertical rigid reinforcements. It may only cover the lumbar and sacral regions or may extend superiorly as a thorocolumbosacral.

Used to increase intra-abdominal pressure, and reduces some frontal movement. Low back pain patients find relief with this

Answer 8

Corset

Question 9

hard plastic brace, molded to patient’s contours. Overlapping “shells” that close together like a clamshell with velcro and latched straps. (See handout)

Answer 9

Oyster shell

Question 10

Limits hip adduction. Good for chronic hip dislocations, esp. post-THA.
Experienced note: DIFFICULT TO DON/DOFF!!! =]

Answer 10

Hip Spica Brace

Question 11

What is the portion of the shoe over the dorsum of the foot called??

Answer 11

Upper Portion which consists of = anterior portion called a vamp and a posterior portion called a quarter

Question 12

What does the sole part of a shoe consist of?

Answer 12

bottom portion of the shoe

Question 13

Longitudinal arch support intended to prevent depression of the subtalar joint and flattening of the arch.

Minimum support, positioned at the medial border of the insole with the apex between the sustentaculum tali and the navicular tuberosity.

Answer 13

Scaphoid pad

Question 14

Longitudinal arch support intended to prevent depression of the subtalar joint and flattening of the arch.

may be incorporated in an insert, or may be resilient domed component glued to the inner sole that its apex is under the metatarsal shafts. It transfers stress from the metatarsal heads to the metatarsal shafts.

Answer 14

Metatarsal pad

Question 15

alters the alignment of the calcaneous either medially or laterally to correct pes valgus or pes varus.

Answer 15

Heel Wedge

Question 16

a medial wedge is incorporated in this. Intended for flexible pes valgus. The anterior border extends forward on the medial side to augment the effect of the medial wedge in supporting the longitudinal arch.

Answer 16

Thomas Heel

Question 17

a flat strip of leather or other firm material placed posterior to the metatarsal heads.

At late stance the bar transfers stress from the metarsophalangeal joints to the metarsal shafts.

Answer 17

Metatarsal Bar

Question 18

is a convex strip affixed to the sole proximal to the metatarsal heads.

It reduces the distance the wearer must travel during stance phase, improving late stance as well as shifting load from the metarsophalangeal joints to the metarsal shafts.

Answer 18

Rocker Bar

Question 19

Blood panel: check Hgb. Should be above 8, normal ranges between 12-16 women, 14-17 men. If it drops, pt. may require transfusion.

Answer 19

Blood panel check; Total Knee Arthroplasties

Question 20

Immediate post-op ex: GS, QS, SAQ, HS, SLR, hip abd, AP; (requires AAROM for SAQ, SLR, abd, & HS initially)

Answer 20

Ther-Ex; Total Knee Arthroplasties

Question 21

Transfer to/from bathroom starts with bedside commode and progresses to bathroom (NO BEDPANS!!!)

Record AROM/PROM daily

Answer 21

Transfers/Documentation; Total Knee Arthroplasties

Question 22

Always protect the leg until patient is independent with transfers. Patient will be anxious and needs to trust you. Encourage independence with transfers as soon as possible

Answer 22

Protecting the knee; Total Knee Arthroplasties

Question 23

For spinal surgeries you must utilize what?

Answer 23

Transfers- log roll