3.PTA 220-Progressive Resistance Exercise Flashcards
What are the contraindications to resistance exercise?
Increased pain with the activity
Acute inflammation
Severe cardiopulmonary disease
Post-operative restrictions
broad term that refers to the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle.
strength
- another aspect of muscle performance, related to strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work (force x distance) produced by a muscle per unit of time (force x distance/time)
- rate of performing work
power
broad term that refers to the ability to perform low-intensity, repetitive, or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.
endurance
a guiding principle of exercise prescription that has been one of the foundations on which the use of resistance exercise to improve muscle performance is based. If you don’t provide enough resistance, you will not strengthen the muscle.
overload principle
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands- a framework of specificity is a necessary foundation on which exercise programs should be built.
SAID principle
adaptive changes in the body’s systems, such as increased strength or endurance, in response to a resistance exercise program are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or unless an individual participates in a maintenance program of resistance exercises.
Reversibility principle
AKA specificity of exercise, is a widely accepted concept suggesting that the adaptive effects of training, such as improvement of strength, power, and endurance, are highly specific to the training method employed.
Specificity of Training
Carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another. AKA overflow or cross training.
Transfer of Training (overflow)
diminished response of muscle to a repeated stimulus caused by
Depletion of energy stores in the muscle; insufficient oxygen, buildup of hydrogen
Protective inhibitory response of the nervous system
Decreased conduction of impulses
Fatigue
What are the signs and symptoms of muscle fatigue?
- an uncomfortable sensation in the muscle,even pain and cramping
- tremulousness in the contracting muscle
- active movements jerky, not smooth
- inability to complete the movement pattern through the full range of available motion during dynamic exercise against the same level of resistance.
- use of substitute motions- that is, incorrect movement patterns to complete the movement pattern
- inability to continue low-intensity physical activity
- decline in peak torque during isokinetic testing
A Form of active resistive exercise in which the resistance force is applied by the therapist to either a dynamic or a static muscular contraction.
manual resistance
any form of exercise in which resistance (the exercise load) is applied by means of some type of exercise equipment. Frequently used terms that would denote this type of resistance are: resistance training, weight training, and strength training.
mechanical resistance
form of active-resistive exercise in which the speed of movement of the limb is controlled by a preset rate-limiting device.
isokinetic
(static exercise)- form of exercise in which tension develops in the muscle but no mechanical work is performed. There is no appreciable joint movement, and the overall length of the muscle remains the same.
isometric
form of resistance training where a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load, provided by free weights such as a handheld or cuff weight, torque arm units, weight machines, or pulley systems.
Dynamic Constant External Resistance (Isotonic)
refers to the use of multidepth immersion pools or tanks that facilitate the application of various established therapeutic interventions including stretching, strengthening, joint mobilization, balance and gait training, and endurance training.
aquatic exercise
also called stretch-shortening drills, or stretch-strengthening drills, a system of high velocity resistance training characterized by a rapid eccentric contraction during which the muscle elongates, immediately followed by a rapid reversal of movement with a resisted shortening contraction of the same muscle.
plyometric
an expiratory effort against a closed glottis, must be avoided during resistance exercise. It is characterized by a deep inspiration and followed by closure of the glottis and contraction of the abdominal muscles.
Valsalva
exercise induced muscle tenderness or stiffness that occurs 24-48 hours after vigorous exercise.
Delayed Onset muscle Soreness (DOMS)
the range limiting muscle is first lengthened to the point of limitation or to the extent that is comfortable to the patient. The patient then performs a pre-stretch, end-range, isometric contraction for 5-10 seconds, followed by voluntary relaxation of the tight muscle.
Contract-relax
What does the overload principle, SAID Principle, and Reversibility Principle all take into account?
body mechanics, intensity, volume, frequency, duration, mode, & velocity
What are the stages of motor learning?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
- Patients should not be progressed to the next stage until mastery of the prior stage.
- Understand where the given exercise fits into the taxonomy of motor tasks
