3.PTA 220-Progressive Resistance Exercise

Question 1

What are the contraindications to resistance exercise?

Answer 1

Increased pain with the activity
Acute inflammation
Severe cardiopulmonary disease
Post-operative restrictions

Question 2

broad term that refers to the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle.

Answer 2

strength

Question 3

• another aspect of muscle performance, related to strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work (force x distance) produced by a muscle per unit of time (force x distance/time)
• rate of performing work

Answer 3

power

Question 4

broad term that refers to the ability to perform low-intensity, repetitive, or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

Answer 4

endurance

Question 5

a guiding principle of exercise prescription that has been one of the foundations on which the use of resistance exercise to improve muscle performance is based. If you don’t provide enough resistance, you will not strengthen the muscle.

Answer 5

overload principle

Question 6

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands- a framework of specificity is a necessary foundation on which exercise programs should be built.

Answer 6

SAID principle

Question 7

adaptive changes in the body’s systems, such as increased strength or endurance, in response to a resistance exercise program are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or unless an individual participates in a maintenance program of resistance exercises.

Answer 7

Reversibility principle

Question 8

AKA specificity of exercise, is a widely accepted concept suggesting that the adaptive effects of training, such as improvement of strength, power, and endurance, are highly specific to the training method employed.

Answer 8

Specificity of Training

Question 9

Carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another. AKA overflow or cross training.

Answer 9

Transfer of Training (overflow)

Question 10

diminished response of muscle to a repeated stimulus caused by
Depletion of energy stores in the muscle; insufficient oxygen, buildup of hydrogen
Protective inhibitory response of the nervous system
Decreased conduction of impulses

Answer 10

Fatigue

Question 11

What are the signs and symptoms of muscle fatigue?

Answer 11

• an uncomfortable sensation in the muscle,even pain and cramping
• tremulousness in the contracting muscle
• active movements jerky, not smooth
• inability to complete the movement pattern through the full range of available motion during dynamic exercise against the same level of resistance.
• use of substitute motions- that is, incorrect movement patterns to complete the movement pattern
• inability to continue low-intensity physical activity
• decline in peak torque during isokinetic testing

Question 12

A Form of active resistive exercise in which the resistance force is applied by the therapist to either a dynamic or a static muscular contraction.

Answer 12

manual resistance

Question 13

any form of exercise in which resistance (the exercise load) is applied by means of some type of exercise equipment. Frequently used terms that would denote this type of resistance are: resistance training, weight training, and strength training.

Answer 13

mechanical resistance

Question 14

form of active-resistive exercise in which the speed of movement of the limb is controlled by a preset rate-limiting device.

Answer 14

isokinetic

Question 15

(static exercise)- form of exercise in which tension develops in the muscle but no mechanical work is performed. There is no appreciable joint movement, and the overall length of the muscle remains the same.

Answer 15

isometric

Question 16

form of resistance training where a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load, provided by free weights such as a handheld or cuff weight, torque arm units, weight machines, or pulley systems.

Answer 16

Dynamic Constant External Resistance (Isotonic)

Question 17

refers to the use of multidepth immersion pools or tanks that facilitate the application of various established therapeutic interventions including stretching, strengthening, joint mobilization, balance and gait training, and endurance training.

Answer 17

aquatic exercise

Question 18

also called stretch-shortening drills, or stretch-strengthening drills, a system of high velocity resistance training characterized by a rapid eccentric contraction during which the muscle elongates, immediately followed by a rapid reversal of movement with a resisted shortening contraction of the same muscle.

Answer 18

plyometric

Question 19

an expiratory effort against a closed glottis, must be avoided during resistance exercise. It is characterized by a deep inspiration and followed by closure of the glottis and contraction of the abdominal muscles.

Answer 19

Valsalva

Question 20

exercise induced muscle tenderness or stiffness that occurs 24-48 hours after vigorous exercise.

Answer 20

Delayed Onset muscle Soreness (DOMS)

Question 21

the range limiting muscle is first lengthened to the point of limitation or to the extent that is comfortable to the patient. The patient then performs a pre-stretch, end-range, isometric contraction for 5-10 seconds, followed by voluntary relaxation of the tight muscle.

Answer 21

Contract-relax

Question 22

What does the overload principle, SAID Principle, and Reversibility Principle all take into account?

Answer 22

body mechanics, intensity, volume, frequency, duration, mode, & velocity

Question 23

What are the stages of motor learning?

Answer 23

1. Cognitive
2. Associative
3. Autonomous

• Patients should not be progressed to the next stage until mastery of the prior stage.
• Understand where the given exercise fits into the taxonomy of motor tasks