4.PTA 220-Core Stability, Balance, and Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Transverse Abdominus, Multifidus (transversospinalis group), Quadratus Lumborum

Central- located along the spine
Innermost- deepest layer of tissues
Essential- stabilizes individual spinal segments when external forces try to move them.

A

Deep core muscles

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2
Q

Rectus Abdominus, Internal/External Obliques, Erector Spinae, Iliopsoas

Central- located along the spine/pelvis
Innermost- not so much. More superficial.
Essential- definitely. Provide global support with movement of trunk/spine.

A

Superficial core muscles

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3
Q

Proximal stability to allow distal mobility.

-Many malfunctions in the extremities can be relieved by strengthening the core

A

Core Importance

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4
Q

How do we stay aligned?

A

Maintain equality of strength and flexibility around the proximal and distal joints.

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5
Q

Start at baseline
*Only progress if able to complete desired exercise while maintaining proper alignment and stability!
Don’t forget about patient education!!!

A

Core Ther Ex Progression

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6
Q

How do you assess postural alignment in standing?

A
Anteroposterior Plumb Line Assessment
Passes Through:
Ankle: anterior to the lateral malleolus of the fibula
Knee: posterior to the patella
Hip: greater trochanter of the femur
Trunk: (shoudler)?- center of tip
Head: ear lobe
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7
Q

Concepts That Affect Balance

A

Center of Mass (COM)

Center of Gravity (COG)

Base of Support (BOS)

Limits of Stability (LOS)

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8
Q

What are motor strategies for balance control?

A

Ankle Strategy, Hip Strategy,Stepping Strategy

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9
Q

ability to hold oneself in a posture without movement. Sitting or standing.

A

static balance

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10
Q

ability to hold oneself in a posture of balance while manipulating an extremity or body

A

dynamic balance

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11
Q

used to determine proprioceptive contributions to upright balance. The patient is instructed to stand with feet together, eyes open (EO) unaided for 20 to 30 seconds. If the patient falls with EO, the test is over. Then the patient is asked to stand with eyes closed (EC). In a negative test there is only minimal sway.

A

Romberg

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12
Q

Developed to provide a quick screen of balance problems in older adults. It is the maximal distance on can reach forward beyond arm’s length while maintaining a fixed BOS in the standing position.

A

Functional Reach

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13
Q

an objective measure of static and dynamic balance abilities. The scale consists of 14 functional tasks commonly performed in everyday life. Examples: sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit.

A

Berg Scale

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14
Q

AKA performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA). Provides a brief, and reliable measure of static and dynamic balance. Items are organized into 2 subtests of balance and gait.

A

Tinetti

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15
Q

a quick measure of dynamic balance and mobility. The pt is seated comfortably in a firm chair with arms and back resting against the chair. The pt is then instructed to rise, stand momentarily, and then walk 3 m (10 ft) towards a wall at normal walking speed, turn without touching the wall, return to the chair, turn, and sit down.

A

Timed Up and Go

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16
Q

Can be used to determine attentional demands. The therapist walks alongside the pt while walking and begins a conversation. Questions posed should require more than a yes or no answer. The test is positive if the patient has increased difficulty walking while talking. (slows down, staggers, or loses balance. Or if pt has to stop walking in order to talk).

A

Walkie-Talkie

17
Q

commonly used when disturbances are small and well within LOS. Involves shifting the COM forward and back by moving the body as a relatively fixed pendulum about the ankle joints. Muscles are activated in distance-to-proximal sequence.

A

Ankle Strategy

18
Q

involves shifts in the COM by flexing or extending at the hips. Typically recruited with larger and faster disturbances of the COM or when standing on a BOS that is narrower than the length of the feet.

A

Hip Strategy

19
Q

realigns the BOS under the COM by using rapid steps or hops in the direction of the displacing force. For example; forward or backward steps. In instances of lateral destabilization, the individual takes a side step or cross step to bring the BOS back under the COM.

A

Stepping Strategy

20
Q

The midpoint of the body; in the erect standing posture, the COM is located at the level of the second sacral segment.

A

COM- Center of Mass

21
Q

the point where the entire mass of the body is concentrated .It is 1cm posterior to the sacral promontory.

A

COG- Center of Gravity

22
Q

the area underneath and between both feet

A

BOS- Base of Support

23
Q

the maximum distance an individual is able or willing to lean in any direction without loss of balance or changing the BOS; the midpoint of limits of stability is centered alignment.

A

LOS- Limits of Stability

24
Q

O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and last 6 ribs.
I- Abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba
A- Compression of abdomen
N- Seventh through 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric,and ilioinguinal nerves

deep core muscle

A

Transverse Abdominis OIAN

25
Q
O- transverse processes
I- spinous processes of vertebrae above
A- Bilaterally: extend
Unilaterally: rotate to opposite side
N-spinal nerves

deep core muscle

A

Transversospinalis Muscles OIAN

26
Q

O- iliac crest
I- twelfth rib, transverse processes of all five lumbar vertebrae
A- trunk lateral bending
N- twelfth thoracic and first lumbar nerves

deep core muscle

A

Quadratus Lumborum OIAN