5A: Nitrogen Group Flashcards
NITROGEN GROUP is also known as
PNICTOGENS
NITROGEN GROUP/PNICTOGENS
N, P, As, Sb, Bi (Ni Pas Sab Bi)
black cylinder
Nitrogen
Azote (w/o life), Phlogisticated air, Mephitic air
Nitrogen
Nitrogen provides inert atmosphere for
readily oxidizable pharmaceuticals
Gas contained in space of Hg thermometer
Nitrogen
Refrigerant (cryogenic preservation);
also CO2 / dry ice/cardice
Temp of liquid nitrogen
(-196°C)
Liquid nitrogen is used as treatment for:
warts, calluses, skin tags
St. Elmo’s fire (santelmo/ bolang apoy during thunderstorm), Light carrier
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is an (+) Essential constituent of __________ (small amount), nervous tissue & bones
protoplasm
Phosphates- of physiologic & medicinal importance;
antacid, cathartic/laxative
3 main allotropic forms of phosphorus
- white/yellow p
- red
- black p
fireworks containing yellow phosphorus
watusi and piccolo
- Waxy solid (Org. solvents soluble) ______________ - with impurity (Na)
white/yellow p; yellow p
toxicity of white/yellow p
rat poison
+ Light darkens
+ Air (m the dark). emits greenish light & gives off white fumes w/
garlic odor (luminous, vomitous, garlic bread)
(phosphorus)
white yellow p
- Intermediate property of black & white P (insoluble in Org solvents )
- Less chm active compared to white p
(phosphorus)
red p
Non toxic form of phosphorus
red p and black p
- Non-toxic (Used in safety matches, pyrotechnics)
- Resembles graphite in texture
(phosphorus)
black p
Air-stable; does not catch fire spontaneously
black p
Produced from heating white P under _____________
high pressures
Non-official allotrope of phosphorus
- violet p/metallic/HITTORFS
produced by day-long annealing of red phosphorus above 550 ‘C or recrystallized MOLTEN LEAD
violet p/metallic/HITTORFS
lewisite metal
Arsenic
High affinity for -SH compounds (Gen protoplasmic Poison like P) signs of poisoning: “Aldrich Mees
Lines”
As3+
white lines/bands on the fingernails
Aldrich Mees Lines
less toxic
(arsenic)
As5+
Arsenicals
- Arsphenamine, Salvarsan, Compound 606, Magic bullet
- Paris green
Scheele’s green - 1% Potassium arsenite soln
(KAsO2, Fowler’s soln) - arsenic (III) iodide soln (dolovan’s soln)
former antileukemic
1% Potassium arsenite soln
(KAsO2, Fowler’s soln)
- First anti-syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
- Discovered by Paul Ehrlich (Father of chemotherapy)
Arsphenamine, Salvarsan, Compound 606, Magic bullet
Cupric acetoarsenite: Cu(C2H302)2, * 3Cu(As02)2 Rodenticide insecticide, pigment, blue colorant for fireworks
Paris green
cupric hydrogen arsenite, insecticide
Scheele’s green
For trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), malaria, TB, rheu arthritis, diabetes (before)
arsenic (III) iodide soln (dolovan’s soln)
Stibium
antimony
most important source of antimony
antimony glance
uses of antimony
astringent, antiseptic (since heavy metal-protein precipitant), anthelminthic, emetic, expectorant
the only orange S2-
Sb2S3
3 mechanisms in killing bacteria
- oxidation
- halogenation
- protein pptation
the OA will oxidize the bacteria (have antibacterial/astringent/antiseptic property);
oxidation
sub-type of oxidation, halogen induces oxidation not the oxygen;
halogenation
mode of action of heavy metals
protein pptation
Beautiful meadow
Bismuth
HELIDAC consists of:
- metronidazole
- tetracycline
- Bi subsalicylate
uses of bismuth
astringent, antiseptic; internal protectant (antacid + inhibit Helocibacter pylori caused by duodenal ulcer) (HELIDAC)
TX duodenal ulcer by H. Pylori
Prevpac
Prevpac consists of: (no Bi)
- Lansoprazole
- Amoxicillin
- Clarithromycin
Soluble Bi compounds are ________
poisonous
antidote for soluble Bi compounds
BAL* / Dimercaprol
bismuth compounds causes _________ stool and _________ gums
dark; blue-black
Bismuth ointment (30%)
tetracycline
*BAL · treats acute poisoning by:
As, Hg, Au, and Pb; also be used for Sb, Tl, or Bi poisoning
