5.7 Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Why is respiration needed for muscle contraction?

A

To release myosin heads

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2
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Breakdown of molecules

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3
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Building of molecules

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4
Q

What are the 3 components of ATP?

A
  • Adenine (Nitrogenous base
  • Ribose (Pentose sugar)
  • 3 Phosphate heads
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5
Q

ATP is broken down into ADP and AMP by _________.

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

Phosphodiester bonds release how much exothermic energy when hydrolysed?

A

30.5 kJ/mol

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7
Q

What does the breakdown of ATP require?

A

ATPase enzymes

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8
Q

What are the 4 stages of respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Link reaction, Kreb cycle, and Oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cell cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

The breakdown of glucose(6C)into pyruvate (3C)

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11
Q

Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration. It’s an ________ process.

A

Anaerobic

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12
Q

What happens during the phosphorylation of glucose?

A

2 phosphates are hydrolysed off 2 ATP and added to a glucose making hexose biphosphate and 2 ADP

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13
Q

What does hexose biphosphate(6C) break down into?

A

2 triose phosphate molecules (3C)

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14
Q

What catalyses triose phosphate oxidation?

A

Dehydrogenase

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15
Q

What is made when triose phosphate is oxidised?

A

Pyruvate and 2 reduced NAD

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16
Q

What happens to pyruvate after the glycolysis stage?

A

It’s actively transported into the matrix of mitochondria for the link reaction

17
Q

What are the net products of glycolysis?

A

2ATP
2 reduced NAD
2 Pyruvate

18
Q

Pyruvate is ___________ and loses a CO2 molecule.

A

Decarboxylated

19
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

When a phosphate is directly transferred from 1 molecule to another

20
Q

What are cristae?

A

Intrusions of the mitochondrial envelope which increase surface area

21
Q

NADH and FADH2 are _________ to NAD and FAD

22
Q

What is the electron transport chain made of?

A

3 electron carriers

23
Q

Where is the electron carrier chain located?

A

The inner mitochondrial membrane

24
Q

Energy is used by electron carriers to pump H+ from the ________ into the ___________.

A

Matrix to intermembrane space

25
What is an electrochemical gradient?
A concentration gradient of ions
26
What enzyme helps H+ move back into the matrix?
ATP synthase
27
In oxidative phosphorylation, what drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi?
The movement of H+ down the electrochemical gradient back into the matrix
28
What is the formula for water being made in oxidative phosphorylation?
H+ + e- + O2 > H2O
29
What is chemosmosis?
The process of ATP production by the movement of H+ across a membrane due to electrons moving down an electron transport chain
30
What are NAD and FAD?
Coenzymes that can transfer Hs between molecules, can oxidise and reduce molecules.
31
What is Coenzyme A?
A coenzyme that transfers acetate between molecules.