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Year 13 Biology > 5.7 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

5.7 Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Describer the function of a chloroplast

A
  • Absorbs light for photosynthesis to produce carb/glucose
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2
Q

What kind of membrane structure does a chloroplast have

A
  • Double membrane
  • Inner and outer membrane
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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm like structure in the chloroplast and what is its function

A
  • Stroma
  • Jelly like matrix which fills the organelles
  • Light independant stage occurs here
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4
Q

What is a thylakoid and what is its function

A
  • Membrane disc that contains chlorophyll and stalked particles for atp synthesis
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5
Q

What is a granum

A
  • Stack of thylakoids
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6
Q

What is the intergranal lamallae

A
  • Membranes that connect adjacent granum
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7
Q

Where does the light dependant stage take place

A
  • Thylakoid membrane
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8
Q

What are the products of the light dependant stage >

A
  • Reduced NADP
  • ATP
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9
Q

State the difference between the absorption spectrum and the action spectrum

A
  • Absorption shows absorption of light at different wavelengths
  • Action shows the rate of PS at each wave length
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10
Q

Where does the light dependent stage take place

A

Thylakoid membranes in the choloroplast

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11
Q

What are the products of the light dependent reaction

A
  • ATP
  • Reduced NADP
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12
Q

Explain the stages in cyclic phosphorylation

A

1 - Photon of light hits chlorophyll molecule
2 - Causes electrons to become excited
3 - Electrons are taken up by ETC, as electrons move down chain energy is lost which synthesizes ATP
4 - Electrons return back to PS1`

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13
Q

Explain the stages in non cyclic phosphorylation

A
  • Photon of light hit electrons in PSII
  • This causes a pair of electrons to get excited
  • Electrons are then emitted from the photosystem and taken up by ETC
  • ATP is produced
  • Photon of light hits PSI and electrons are excited again and taken up by ETC
  • Electrons are accepted by NADP to make reduced NADP
  • Photolysis occurs to replace the electrons lost in PSII
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14
Q

Explain how oxygen is produced during the light independent reactions of photosynthesis

A

1 - Energy from light causes photolysis of water
2 - This makes a pair of electrons and oxygen

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15
Q

Describe the structures in a chloroplast which that are involved in the light dependent reaction

A

1 - Takes place on thylakoid membrane
2 - Which is made of inner membrane
3 - Which contains chlorophyll

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16
Q

What are the products of light independent reactions

A
  • ATP, REDUCED NADP AND OXYGEN
17
Q

Where does the light independent stage take place

A
  • Occurs in the stroma of chloroplast
18
Q

State where carbon fixation takes place in the chloroplast

A
  • Stroma
19
Q

Name the enzyme involved in carbon fixation

A
  • Rubisco
20
Q

Explain the steps in the light independent stage ( Calvin Cycle )

A
  • 5C molecule (RUBP) turned into a 6C Molecule via addition of a carbon from CO2, this process catalysed by rubsico
  • 6C molecule formed, unstable and splits into 2x GP
  • GP is reduced via NADP, turning into reduced NADP and ATP is hydrolysed to create energy
  • GALP formed, 5 out of 6 carbons will be reused in the cycle however one carbon will be used to make a 6C glucose
21
Q

Explain how GP, product of carbon fixation can be used to synthesize starch

A

1 - GP is converted into GALP
2 - Using reduced NADP and ATP
3 - GALP is then converted into glucose
4 - Which is formed by glycosidic bonds
5 - These are 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

22
Q

Explain why the rate of carbox fixation increases at higher temperatures

A
  • High temperatures causer particles to have greater kinetic energy
  • This leads to higher enzyme substrate complexes being made
23
Q

Explain the affect of co2 conc on the production of RUBP

A
  • As CO2 decreases, RUBP increases intially
  • This is because less carbon is being fixed to RUBP
  • RUBP increases because it is being regenerated
  • Decreases as it is being used to fix to co2
24
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis

A
  • Light intensity
  • Temperature
  • CO2 conc
25
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • Low levels of light will reduce the amount of reduced NADP and ATP produced in the light independent stage
26
Q

How does CO2 CONC affect the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • Lack of CO2 will mean there is less conversion of RUBP into GP into GALP (less carbon fixation)
27
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • High temperatures causer particles to have greater kinetic energy
  • This leads to higher enzyme substrate complexes being made
  • However temperatures above the optimum , enzymes will denature

Year 13 Biology (14 decks)

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