57: Introduction to market structure Flashcards

1
Q

price taking firm

A

a firm whose actions have no effect on the market price of the good it sells

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2
Q

price taking consumer

A

a consumer who cannot influence the market price of the good he buys

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3
Q

perfectly competitive market

A

market in which all participants are price takers

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4
Q

perfectly competitive industry

A

industry where firms are price takers

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5
Q

market share

A

the fraction of the total industry output accounted for by one firm’s output

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6
Q

commodity (standardized product)

A

when consumers regard the products of different firms as the same

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7
Q

monopolist

A

the only producer of a good that has no close substitutes

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8
Q

barrier to entry

A

something that prevents others from entering an industry, allowing monopolists to make an economic profit

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9
Q

types of barriers to entry (4)

A

1) control of scarce resource / input
2) economies of scale: large fixed cost of entry
3) technological superiority
4) government created barriers

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10
Q

natural monopoly

A

monopoly created and sustained by economies of scale

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11
Q

network externality

A

when the value of a good rises as the number of consumers / users increases (ex: microsoft)

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12
Q

patent

A

gives an inventor a temporary monopoly in the use or sale of their invention

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13
Q

copyright

A

gives the creator of an artistic work the sole right to profit from that work

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14
Q

oligopoly

A

industry with only a few firms

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15
Q

imperfect competition

A

when no one firm has a monopoly, but producers can effect market prices (have market power)

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16
Q

concentration ratio

A

percentage of industry sales accounted for by the “X” largest firms

17
Q

HHI

A

herfindahl hirschman index, square of each firm’s share of market sales summed over the industry
high HHI –> oligopoly -er

18
Q

monopolistic competition

A

large number of competing firms with differentiated products and free entry and exit in the long run

19
Q

requirements for perfect competition (4)

A

1) identical goods
2) firms can enter and leave the market easily
3) firms have complete information
4) many firms and many buyers