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The Comeback is Real Hocker > 5.7 > Flashcards

5.7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does an application become when it is executed?

A

A process

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2
Q

What are some resources that a process can contain?

A
  • Executable (Image File)
  • Process ID
  • Memory
  • Account Identifier
  • Thread
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3
Q

Compiled, executable code of an application.

A

Executable (Image File)

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4
Q

A unique, numerical identifier for the process.

A

Process ID

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5
Q

Every process has memory requirements to contain the executable code and specific data, like input or output for the user.

A

Memory

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6
Q

Identifies the user or system account that executed the process, known as the process’ security context.

A

Account Identifier

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7
Q

Component of the process scheduled to run on the CPU.

A

Thread (Windows), Lightweight Process (LWP)

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8
Q

The illusion of performing multiple jobs simultaneously is created by a component of the kernel called the _____.

A

Dispatcher

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9
Q

As various threads are vying for CPU time, the dispatcher uses _________ to effectively schedule between threads until their work is done.

A

Context switching

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10
Q

The dispatcher uses a _________ to keep track of the current state of each process.

A

Process Control Block (PCB)

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11
Q

What information will OSs at least keep track of when dealing with processes?

A
  • Process Name
  • Process ID
  • Process State
  • Process Counter
  • CPU Registers
  • Memory Management
  • Accounting Information
  • I/O Status Information
  • Access Rights
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12
Q

Information about current state of process.

A

Process State

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13
Q

What are some generic terms for state names?

A

New (Creation of Process)
Ready (Process waiting in line to run)
Run (Process’ instructions being executed)
Wait (Process waiting for an event to continue)
End (Terminate Process)

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14
Q

What is ultimately responsible for selecting which process gets time on the CPU?

A

OS Kernel

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15
Q

What are the criteria generally used for process scheduling?

A
  • CPU Utilization
  • Throughput
  • Turnaround Time
  • Waiting Time
  • Response Time
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16
Q

Gainfully employing the processor.

A

CPU Utilization

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17
Q

Number of processes terminated in a set amount of time.

A

Throughput

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18
Q

Amount of time a process takes to be terminated.

A

Turnaround Time

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19
Q

Amount of time the process takes to react to the user.

A

Response Time

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20
Q

Amount of time in the ready queue.

A

Waiting Time

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21
Q

What type of scheduling algorithm schedules a process to run for a set quantum?

A

Preemptive Scheduling

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22
Q

What are the three types of Preemptive Scheduling?

A
  • Round Robin
  • Multilevel Queue
  • Multilevel Feedback Queue
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23
Q

Preemptive algorithm where each process runs for a quantum and then the next process is run. No thread left behind; everyone gets turn.

A

Round Robin

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24
Q

Preemptive algorithm where the ready queue is divided into several distinct sub-queues, each with its own quantum length.

A

Multilevel Queue

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25
Algorithm where process can move between levels.
Multilevel Feedback Queue
26
What type of scheduling algorithm schedules a process to run until the process voluntarily releases the CPU?
Non-preemptive Scheduling
27
What are three types of non-preemptive scheduling?
* First Come, First Serve * Shortest Job First * Priority
28
Algorithm where the first process runs on the processor until it terminates and then moves on to the following processes.
First Come, First Serve
29
Algorithm where processes (jobs) are assigned a rough order of magnitude and run on the processor in order of least amount of time to most amount of time and run until terminated.
Shortest Job First
30
Algorithm where a priority is assigned to each process.
Priority
31
What is the illusion of performing multiple jobs simultaneously by interleaving processes on the same CPU?
Multi-tasking
32
What are systems with multiple processors?
Multi-processing systems
33
The process of running processes simultaneously is known as ______.
Concurrency
34
What two contentions can occur when dealing with concurrent processes running?
* Race Condition | * Deadlock Condition
35
Condition that occurs due to a process depending on the timely output sequence of another process. If the dependent process receives the output out of sequence or in an untimely manner, unanticipated behavior will result.
Race Condition
36
Condition that occurs when two processes or threads are each waiting for the other to perform some action.
Deadlock Condition
37
What are primarily generated by I/O devices and are asynchronous events unrelated to what the processor is executing and can occur at any time?
Interrupts
38
What allows the OS Kernel to control interaction between interrupts and scheduling with the processor?
Interrupt Service Routines (ISR)
39
What are synchronous conditions that result from the execution of a particular instruction?
Exceptions
40
What takes control of interrupts and exceptions when they occur?
Trap handler
41
What are the three different types of memory management schemes?
Single User Contiguous, Fixed-Size Partitioning, Dynamic Partitioning
42
What uses a concept known as paging to divide each process into small chunks or pages?
Virtual memory management
43
What is the process of saving inactive virtual memory pages to disk and restoring them to RAM when required?
Paging
44
What do you store a page in?
Page frame
45
What is a virtual memory address?
Page
46
What is the upper 2GB of memory reserved for on a 32-bit OS?
Kernel Space
47
What is the lower 2 GB of memory reserved for on a 32-bit OS?
User Space
48
What contains entries that are used as pointers to a specific page table?
Page directory
49
_____contain ______ entries. Each ______ entry contains a specific address, known as a page. These pages identify the page frame address of the date being sought.
Page Table
50
What uses physical disk space to store memory data that is not actively being used in RAM to make room for something that is active?
Swap/Page File
51
What are the two ways a virtual address is converted into a page frame address?
* Use the Translation Look Aside Buffer (TLB) to find the cached page frame address. * If TLB misses, the OS uses the pager table to identify the page frame address.
52
What are the three typical categories of drivers?
* Device Driver * File System Driver * Network Driver
53
Driver that translates I/O related function calls into specific hardware device requests.
Device Driver
54
Driver that accepts file oriented I/O requests and translates them into I/O operations destined for the disk.
File System Driver
55
Driver that accepts network I/O requests and translates them into I/O communications destined for other network devices.
Network Driver
56
What can be considered to be the API for drivers?
HAL
57
What file extension do drivers typically end with?
.sys
58
What are six routines do Windows drivers consist of?
``` Initialization Routine Add-Device Routine Dispatch Routine Start I/O Routine Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) Deferred Procedure Routine (DPR) ```
59
Routine called when the LKM is loaded, it is used to register the rest of the driver's routines with the OS.
Initialization Routine
60
Routine that sends a driver notification whenever a new driver is detected.
Add-Device Routine
61
Routine that provides the main functions provided by a device driver.
Dispatch Routine
62
A routine used to initiate a data transfer to or from a device.
Start I/O Routine
63
When a device interrupts, the kernel schedules the interrupt and transfers control to the driver's ____.
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
64
A routine primarily used in controlling ISR's.
Deferred Procedure Call (DPC)
65
What routines do Linux drivers consist of?
* Initialization Routine * Device Naming Routine * File Operations
66
What is the act of creating a virtual version of something such as hardware platform, OS, storage device, or something computer related?
System Virtualization
67
What is Virtualization controlled by?
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
68
What is an instance of an OS executing on a virtualized system?
Virtual Machine (VM)
69
What VMM sits above the hardware and virtualizes the complete hardware and is capable of monitoring OSs that run above the hypervisor?
Type 1 VMM
70
What VMM runs within an OS, and relies on OS services to manage the hardware and is a software implemented embedded kernel module within the host OS that services the guest OS's requests?
Type 2 VMM
71
What are the four virtualization technologies?
Guest operating system, shared kernel, kernel level, and hypervisor virtualizations.
72
A virtualization program running on the host OS creates one or more virtual machines to run guest OSs on the host computer.
Guest OS Virutalization

The Comeback is Real Hocker (17 decks)

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