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The Comeback is Real Hocker > 5.7 > Flashcards

5.7 Flashcards

1
Q

What does an application become when it is executed?

A

A process

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2
Q

What are some resources that a process can contain?

A
  • Executable (Image File)
  • Process ID
  • Memory
  • Account Identifier
  • Thread
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3
Q

Compiled, executable code of an application.

A

Executable (Image File)

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4
Q

A unique, numerical identifier for the process.

A

Process ID

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5
Q

Every process has memory requirements to contain the executable code and specific data, like input or output for the user.

A

Memory

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6
Q

Identifies the user or system account that executed the process, known as the process’ security context.

A

Account Identifier

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7
Q

Component of the process scheduled to run on the CPU.

A

Thread (Windows), Lightweight Process (LWP)

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8
Q

The illusion of performing multiple jobs simultaneously is created by a component of the kernel called the _____.

A

Dispatcher

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9
Q

As various threads are vying for CPU time, the dispatcher uses _________ to effectively schedule between threads until their work is done.

A

Context switching

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10
Q

The dispatcher uses a _________ to keep track of the current state of each process.

A

Process Control Block (PCB)

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11
Q

What information will OSs at least keep track of when dealing with processes?

A
  • Process Name
  • Process ID
  • Process State
  • Process Counter
  • CPU Registers
  • Memory Management
  • Accounting Information
  • I/O Status Information
  • Access Rights
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12
Q

Information about current state of process.

A

Process State

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13
Q

What are some generic terms for state names?

A

New (Creation of Process)
Ready (Process waiting in line to run)
Run (Process’ instructions being executed)
Wait (Process waiting for an event to continue)
End (Terminate Process)

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14
Q

What is ultimately responsible for selecting which process gets time on the CPU?

A

OS Kernel

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15
Q

What are the criteria generally used for process scheduling?

A
  • CPU Utilization
  • Throughput
  • Turnaround Time
  • Waiting Time
  • Response Time
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16
Q

Gainfully employing the processor.

A

CPU Utilization

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17
Q

Number of processes terminated in a set amount of time.

A

Throughput

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18
Q

Amount of time a process takes to be terminated.

A

Turnaround Time

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19
Q

Amount of time the process takes to react to the user.

A

Response Time

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20
Q

Amount of time in the ready queue.

A

Waiting Time

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21
Q

What type of scheduling algorithm schedules a process to run for a set quantum?

A

Preemptive Scheduling

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22
Q

What are the three types of Preemptive Scheduling?

A
  • Round Robin
  • Multilevel Queue
  • Multilevel Feedback Queue
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23
Q

Preemptive algorithm where each process runs for a quantum and then the next process is run. No thread left behind; everyone gets turn.

A

Round Robin

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24
Q

Preemptive algorithm where the ready queue is divided into several distinct sub-queues, each with its own quantum length.

A

Multilevel Queue

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25
Q

Algorithm where process can move between levels.

A

Multilevel Feedback Queue

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26
Q

What type of scheduling algorithm schedules a process to run until the process voluntarily releases the CPU?

A

Non-preemptive Scheduling

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27
Q

What are three types of non-preemptive scheduling?

A
  • First Come, First Serve
  • Shortest Job First
  • Priority
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28
Q

Algorithm where the first process runs on the processor until it terminates and then moves on to the following processes.

A

First Come, First Serve

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29
Q

Algorithm where processes (jobs) are assigned a rough order of magnitude and run on the processor in order of least amount of time to most amount of time and run until terminated.

A

Shortest Job First

30
Q

Algorithm where a priority is assigned to each process.

A

Priority

31
Q

What is the illusion of performing multiple jobs simultaneously by interleaving processes on the same CPU?

A

Multi-tasking

32
Q

What are systems with multiple processors?

A

Multi-processing systems

33
Q

The process of running processes simultaneously is known as ______.

A

Concurrency

34
Q

What two contentions can occur when dealing with concurrent processes running?

A
  • Race Condition

* Deadlock Condition

35
Q

Condition that occurs due to a process depending on the timely output sequence of another process. If the dependent process receives the output out of sequence or in an untimely manner, unanticipated behavior will result.

A

Race Condition

36
Q

Condition that occurs when two processes or threads are each waiting for the other to perform some action.

A

Deadlock Condition

37
Q

What are primarily generated by I/O devices and are asynchronous events unrelated to what the processor is executing and can occur at any time?

A

Interrupts

38
Q

What allows the OS Kernel to control interaction between interrupts and scheduling with the processor?

A

Interrupt Service Routines (ISR)

39
Q

What are synchronous conditions that result from the execution of a particular instruction?

A

Exceptions

40
Q

What takes control of interrupts and exceptions when they occur?

A

Trap handler

41
Q

What are the three different types of memory management schemes?

A

Single User Contiguous, Fixed-Size Partitioning, Dynamic Partitioning

42
Q

What uses a concept known as paging to divide each process into small chunks or pages?

A

Virtual memory management

43
Q

What is the process of saving inactive virtual memory pages to disk and restoring them to RAM when required?

A

Paging

44
Q

What do you store a page in?

A

Page frame

45
Q

What is a virtual memory address?

A

Page

46
Q

What is the upper 2GB of memory reserved for on a 32-bit OS?

A

Kernel Space

47
Q

What is the lower 2 GB of memory reserved for on a 32-bit OS?

A

User Space

48
Q

What contains entries that are used as pointers to a specific page table?

A

Page directory

49
Q

_____contain ______ entries. Each ______ entry contains a specific address, known as a page. These pages identify the page frame address of the date being sought.

A

Page Table

50
Q

What uses physical disk space to store memory data that is not actively being used in RAM to make room for something that is active?

A

Swap/Page File

51
Q

What are the two ways a virtual address is converted into a page frame address?

A
  • Use the Translation Look Aside Buffer (TLB) to find the cached page frame address.
  • If TLB misses, the OS uses the pager table to identify the page frame address.
52
Q

What are the three typical categories of drivers?

A
  • Device Driver
  • File System Driver
  • Network Driver
53
Q

Driver that translates I/O related function calls into specific hardware device requests.

A

Device Driver

54
Q

Driver that accepts file oriented I/O requests and translates them into I/O operations destined for the disk.

A

File System Driver

55
Q

Driver that accepts network I/O requests and translates them into I/O communications destined for other network devices.

A

Network Driver

56
Q

What can be considered to be the API for drivers?

A

HAL

57
Q

What file extension do drivers typically end with?

A

.sys

58
Q

What are six routines do Windows drivers consist of?

A 
Initialization Routine
Add-Device Routine
Dispatch Routine
Start I/O Routine
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
Deferred Procedure Routine (DPR)
59
Q

Routine called when the LKM is loaded, it is used to register the rest of the driver’s routines with the OS.

A

Initialization Routine

60
Q

Routine that sends a driver notification whenever a new driver is detected.

A

Add-Device Routine

61
Q

Routine that provides the main functions provided by a device driver.

A

Dispatch Routine

62
Q

A routine used to initiate a data transfer to or from a device.

A

Start I/O Routine

63
Q

When a device interrupts, the kernel schedules the interrupt and transfers control to the driver’s ____.

A

Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)

64
Q

A routine primarily used in controlling ISR’s.

A

Deferred Procedure Call (DPC)

65
Q

What routines do Linux drivers consist of?

A
  • Initialization Routine
  • Device Naming Routine
  • File Operations
66
Q

What is the act of creating a virtual version of something such as hardware platform, OS, storage device, or something computer related?

A

System Virtualization

67
Q

What is Virtualization controlled by?

A

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

68
Q

What is an instance of an OS executing on a virtualized system?

A

Virtual Machine (VM)

69
Q

What VMM sits above the hardware and virtualizes the complete hardware and is capable of monitoring OSs that run above the hypervisor?

A

Type 1 VMM

70
Q

What VMM runs within an OS, and relies on OS services to manage the hardware and is a software implemented embedded kernel module within the host OS that services the guest OS’s requests?

A

Type 2 VMM

71
Q

What are the four virtualization technologies?

A

Guest operating system, shared kernel, kernel level, and hypervisor virtualizations.

72
Q

A virtualization program running on the host OS creates one or more virtual machines to run guest OSs on the host computer.

A

Guest OS Virutalization

The Comeback is Real Hocker (17 decks)

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