5511 Deck 13 Extra Cards

Question 2

Identify:

The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 2

Glycolysis

It takes place in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

Question 3

List:

The reactants of aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer 3

• Glucose
• Oxygen

The process can be represented by the equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 36 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O.

Question 4

Identify:

The seven traits Mendel tracked in pea plants.

Answer 4

• Flower color (purple or white)
• Flower position (axil or terminal)
• Pod color (yellow or green)
• Pod shape (inflated or constricted)
• Seed color (yellow or green)
• Seed shape (round or wrinkled)
• Stem length (long or short)

Question 5

List:

The two main types of genes.

Answer 5

• Structural genes
• Regulatory genes

Question 6

Define:

Phenotype

Answer 6

The observable traits of a particular organism.

Question 7

Explain:

The purpose of a Punnett square.

Answer 7

Genetic tool used to determine the genotype and phenotype of offspring from two particular parents.

Question 8

Define:

A genome

Answer 8

The complete set of genetic information in an organism.

Question 9

List:

The organs of the male reproductive system.

Answer 9

• Scrotum
• Testes
• Spermatic ducts
• Sex glands
• Penis

These organs produce sperm, the male gamete.

Question 10

List:

The organs of the female reproductive system.

Answer 10

• Ovaries
• Fallopian tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina
• Vulva

These organs are involved in the production and transportation of female gametes and support offspring development.

Question 11

Define:

Population genetics

Answer 11

The study of genetic variation within a population.

This field examines how genetic variation contributes to evolution.

Question 12

Who proposed the theory of acquired characteristics?

Answer 12

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

This theory suggests that traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed to offspring.

Question 13

Explain:

What does the theory of acquired characteristics imply about traits?

Answer 13

Traits acquired during life can be inherited.

An example is the giraffe stretching its neck to reach higher leaves.

Question 14

Describe:

The key experiment August Weismann conducted.

Answer 14

He cut off the tails of mice over several generations.

This experiment aimed to disprove Lamarck’s theory by showing that acquired traits do not affect future generations.

Question 15

Explain:

The primary difference between Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories?

Answer 15

Lamarck believed the need for a trait drives evolution, while Darwin argued that evolution occurs through selective pressure on preexisting traits.

This distinction highlights the mechanisms of evolution proposed by each scientist.

Question 16

Which theory of evolution is more widely accepted today?

Answer 16

Darwin’s theory of evolution.

It is considered the principle governing population genetics.

Question 17

List:

The five steps of the natural selection process.

Answer 17

• Unique characteristics in every member.
• Overproduction of offspring.
• Variation in lifespan due to hardships.
• Competition for limited resources.
• Favorable genetic traits are passed on.

Question 18

Mention:

An example of natural selection involving finches.

Answer 18

Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos Islands, which have unique beak sizes and shapes adapted to their feeding habits.

Question 19

Mention:

A key takeaway from Darwin’s quote on survival.

Answer 19

It’s not the strongest or most intelligent species that survive, but those most adaptable to change.