5.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 1

what 2 organelles are not part of the endomembrane system and why?

Answer 1

-the mitochondria and chloroplasts
-specialize in harnessing energy for the cell
(both have their own genomes)

Question 2

what are mitochondria?

Answer 2

• harness energy from chemical compounds like sugars and convert it into ATP, which serves as a universal energy currency.
• site of cellular respiration

Question 3

what is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 3

• highly convoluted inner membrane- proton electrochemical gradient is generated across which energy is stored in to synthesize ATP
• outer membrane

Question 4

What happens during the process of breaking down sugar and synthesizing ATP?

Answer 4

• oxygen is consumed

- Carbon dioxide is released

Question 5

What are chloroplasts and their function?

Answer 5

in plant cells to capture the energy of sunlight to synthesize simple sugars (photosynthesis)

Question 6

how many membranes do the chloroplasts have?

Answer 6

3

• inner
• outer
• thylakoid(contains special light collecting molecules called pigments (chlorophyll))

Question 7

what is the role of chlorophyl?

Answer 7

plays a key role in chloroplasts ability to capture energy from sunlight. using light energy collected by this pigment.
enzymes present in chloroplasts use carbon dioxide as a carbon source to produce carbohydrates.