5.3 the internal organization of cells Flashcards
what are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
prokaryotes Eukaryotes
nucleus no (nucleoid region) yes
transcription cytoplasm nucleus
cell men ad hopanoids (bacteria) sterols (cholesterol)
size small (1-2 micm) (large 10-20 micm)
organelles no yes
What are the different types of lipids that make up the cell membrane in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
prokaryotes
Hopanoids-similar to cholesterol
eukaryotes
Cholesterol which belongs to a group called sterols
What is a plasmid?
in bacteria, a small circular molecule of DNA carrying a small number of genes that can replace independently of the bacterial genomic DNA
How are plasmids transferred between bacteria?
Through the action of threadlike structures called pili. (how antibiotics are transferred)
what is an organelle?
any one of the several components of a eukaryotic cell that divides the cells contents into smaller spaces specialized for specific functions
What is the function of the (ER)?
Involved in protein and lipid synthesis
what is the function of the yogi apparatus?
modifies proteins and lipids produced by the ER and acts as a sorting station as they move to their final destination
What is the function of Lysosomes?
contain enzymes that break down macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and complex carbohydrates.
What is the function of a peroxisome?
contain many different enzymes and involved in many different metabolic reactions including the breakdown of fatty acids and synthesized types of phospholipids.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
a specialized organelle that harnesses energy for the cell.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
helps maintain the cells shape and serves as a network of tracks for the movement of substances in a cell.
What is the function of a cell wall in plants?
a ridged barrier providing support composed of polysaccharides
What is the function of a chloroplast in a plant cell?
converts energy of sunlight into chemical energy
