5.4 Study Guide

Question 1

Describe the functions of the organs in the digestive system.

Answer 1

Mouth - teeth chew the food into smaller pieces
- saliva mixes with food and breaks it down with enzymes

Esophagus - It doesn’t only break down food, but it brings food to the next part of the digestive system

Stomach - cells lining the stomach produce mucus and enzymes that help digest food
- the stomach muscles squeeze the food and mix with other substances

Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder - produce substances that help break down the food into the small intestine

Small Intestine - enzymes and other substances help break down large food particles into molecules small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream

Large Intestine - feces move through the large intestine & are eliminated from the body

Question 2

Write down the organs in which food would pass in order.

Answer 2

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 3

Differentiate between
organ that receives food vs an accessory organ

Answer 3

Accessory organs are organs that add secretions (enzymes) that catabolize food into nutrients.

Question 4

Digestive vs. chemical digestion

Answer 4

Mechanical digestion involves physical movement to make foods smaller. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food

Question 5

Functions of amylase vs. lipase vs. protease

Answer 5

~ Amylase - (made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates)
~ Lipase - (made in the pancreas; breaks down fats)
~ Protease - (made in the pancreas: breaks down proteins)

Question 6

Types of storage molecules for each type of macromolecule

Answer 6

Glucose - glycogen
Fatty acids - triglycerides
Amino acids - proteins