4.3 Study Guide

Question 1

description of the transcription process

Answer 1

Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 2

Differences between DNA and RNA.

Answer 2

RNA-
1. Transmit information from the DNA to the ribosomes. Produces proteins.
2. Allowed to leave the nucleus
3. The 4 bases are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Urail
4. The nucleic acid is called the ribonucleic acid.
5. The carbon sugar is called the ribose sugar.
6. They are smaller in size and is temporary.
7. does not self replicate
DNA-
1. Transmit information from the parent to the offspring.
2. Not allowed to leave the nucleus.
3. The 4 bases are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine.
4. The nucleic acid is called the deoxyribonucleic acid.
5. The carbon sugar is called the deoxyribose sugar.
6. They are bigger in size and is permanent.
7. They self replicate

Question 3

The different parts of a eukaryotic gene.

Answer 3

1. UTRs = untranslated regions
2. Exons = protein coding sequences
3. Introns = non-coding sequence that is removed during RNA processing

Question 4

What happens during alternative splicing.

Answer 4

Alternative splicing is a cellular process in which exons from the same gene are joined in different combinations, leading to different, but related, mRNA transcripts. These mRNAs can be translated to produce different proteins with distinct structures and functions — all from a single gene.

Question 5

Similarities between DNA and RNA.

Answer 5

1. They both are polymers and made up of nucleotides
2. They both are nucleic acids
3. They both have Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine
4. They both are located in the nucleus
5. They both have a phosphate group and a carbon sugar.