5.3 Principles of skill learning Flashcards
what is performance
temporary occurrence fluctuates over time
example:beginners can produce one good shot but not w/ consistency
characteristic of fixed practice (3)
- Movement is repeated over and over
- Better for closed and discrete skills
- Skills are performed the same way (no change in environment)
example basketball free throw
charateristic of massed practice (4)
- little to no gaps in practice; lots of reps, no rest intervals
- Better for older more experienced players
- Suitable for simple skills
- Practices designed to simulate fatigued sortation late in games
ex. a field hockey team practices shooting techniques non-stop for 40 min
Discuss factors that contribute to different rates of learning
-Physical maturation (the learner knows when they are ready to gain a skill)
-Physical fitness (not being fit enough)
-Different coaches (different coaches have different ways of teaching, which may not apply to every player)
-Age (how capable the learner is at absorbing information)
-Task difficulty (if too difficult can weaken motivation and vice versa)
-Teaching environment (a distracting or pressured environment can be difficult for the learner to retain information)
-Motivation (the learner wants to learn)
Outline the different types of pratices
-Fixed (drill) pratice
-Massed practice
-Distributed Practice
-Variable Practice
-Mental Practice
what are the 6 types of transfer
-skill to skill
-pratice to peformance
-abilities to skill
-bilateral
-stage to stage
- principles to skills
what are the characteristic of an autonomous stage (advanced) (4)
- Individual can perform consistently
- With little cognitive activity
-Motor programms completely formed and reaction time is quick. - Can give more harsh feedback
what are the characteristic of associative stage (skilled) (6)
- With practice, the individual knows what to do
- Develops consistency
- Errors decrease
-Refining motor programs - Demonstrates learning
- Constructive feedback (pos and neg)
what are the characteristics of command (traditional) teaching style (4)
- Teacher makes all decision
- Teacher-directed instructions
- Massed practice (good for beginners)
- Class is set up in an orderly manner ex: dance, aerobics, drills
what are the characteritics of distributed practice (4)
- when practice is interspaced with rest or different activity
- Good for beginners and limited preparation
- Rest intervals to mentally rehearse sills
- Complex and new/dangerous skills ex. weight training
what are the charactersitic of variable practice (4)
- Allows repetition of skill but from different positions and situations
- Good for open skills (simulates real game situation)
- Helps to build up schema to draw upon in a game situation
ex: throwing a ball towards the different target at different distances ot angle
what are the charactersitics of problem-solving teaching style (4)
-Program developed by learner based on physical and cognitive abilities
- Highly individualized
- Learner designs questions and the solutions
- Teacher observes and guides
ex: making a dance routine
what are the characteristics of reciprocal teaching style
- Teacher makes all decision
- Teacher-directed instructions
- Massed practice (good for beginners)
- Class is set up in an orderly manner ex: dance, aerobics, drills
what are the characteristic of a cognitive stage (beginner) (5)
- Individual tries to make sense of instructions given
- Using perception and decision making
-Forming motor programs - Mistake are often made
- Attending to irrelevant and relevant information
- Give motivational feedback (intrinsic motivation)
what are the four types of learning curves
-positive acceleration
-negative acceleration
-linear
-plateau
