[5.3-4] B/T cells and cell/antibody mediated immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A
  • B lymphocytes (B cells)
  • T lymphocytes (T cells)
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2
Q

why are B cells called so?

A
  • because they mature in the bone marrow
  • they are associated with humoral immunity (immunity involving antibodies that are present in body fluids)
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3
Q

why are T cells called so?

A
  • because they mature in the thymus gland
  • associated with cell-mediated immunity (immunity involving body cells)
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4
Q

what are the 4 possible clones of the T cell?

A
  1. killer T cell
  2. helper T cell
  3. suppressor T cell
  4. memory T cell
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5
Q

describe the process of cell mediated immunity

A
  • starts when a T lymphocyte is activated by the presence of a specific antigen (protein found on the cell surface with a specific, complementary tertiary structure, as is the T cell’s receptor)
  • once the immune response is activated, the T-cell undergoes rapid mitosis to increase the number of those specific antibodies
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6
Q

the killer T-cell (cytotoxic T-cell)

A
  • can directly destroy any non-self entity (eg. bacteria, virus)
  • produces perforin, which punches holes in the outer surface of bacteria (eg.) so their contents spill out
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7
Q

the helper T-cell

A
  • activate other T-cells and B-lymphocytes
  • initiate a chain reaction to help increase the numbers overall
  • produces cytokines (signalling molecules which activate other things)
  • too many cytokines to something that isn’t dangerous can be bad
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8
Q

the memory T-cell

A
  • basis of long term immunity
  • remains in the body for a long time
    > 2 systems: blood and lymphatic
  • gives you the capacity to recognise and respond to the same specific antigen much faster and on a much bigger scale than the first time
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9
Q

the suppressor T-cell (don’t need to know)

A
  • inhibits T and B cells’ further production
  • for when you need to switch off an immune response
  • immune response requires a lot of energy and cells so if you don’t need the response then the resources should be used elsewhere
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10
Q

what is the 5 step process of humoral immunity?

A
  1. B-cell is activated by antigens; helper T-cells also stimulate with cytokines
  2. B-cell divides by mitosis and is either specialised into memory B-cells or plasma cells
  3. memory B-cells remember the antigen
  4. subsequent exposure to the same antigen changes them into plasma cells
  5. plasma cells produce antibodies which inactivates antigens
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11
Q

what is known as the primary immune response?

A

the production of antibodies and memory cells

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12
Q

what are responsible for the secondary immune response?

A

memory cells

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13
Q

draw and describe a graph with primary and secondary immune responses

A
  • x axis = time
  • y axis = scale of immune response (conc. of antibodies)
  • exposure twice, differences with secondary immune response
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14
Q

what are some differences between the primary response and secondary response?

A

secondary is:

  • faster
  • on a greater scale
  • and antibody conc. stays higher for a longer amount of time
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15
Q

what does the secondary immune response mean for you?

A

you may not be aware of a re-infection as the immune system deals with it before symptoms show

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