[3.4] structure of eukaryotic cells Flashcards
what is the function of mitochondria?
aerobic respiration
what are the key features of mitochondria? (7)
- outer mitochondrial membrane
- inner mitochondrial membrane
- inter-membrane space
- mitochondria DNA
- ribosomes
- cristae
- mitochondrial matrix
what is mitochondrial DNA?
- allows mitochondria to be self-sustaining and means they are prokaryotes,
- is the genetic material giving instructions for which proteins to make all the ribosomes
what are ribosomes?
- it is where protein synthesis occurs
- produces key respiratory enzymes in mitochondria
what are cristae?
- infoldings of the inner membrane to increase SA
- where ATP is produced
what is in the mitochondrial matrix?
key respiratory enzymes
what are the key features of chloroplasts? (8)
1.double membrane
2. ribosomes
3. thylakoid
4. granum
5. inter-granal lamella
6. stroma
7. DNA
8. starch grains
[drawing] (https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzhtutorials.com%2F2020%2F10%2F07%2Fchloroplasts%2F&psig=AOvVaw2KXlDN3ZDNIS1MXR4xsXrR&ust=1713475596724000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBIQjRxqFwoTCLDmhZaYyoUDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAR)
what is the function of the double membrane in chloroplasts?
- it is selectively permeable
- it has proteins that determines what can enter
what is the function of the thylakoid?
- it is where the 1st stage of photosynthesis occurs: light absorption by chlorophyll (light dependent stage)
small, pancake-like discs
what is the function of the granum?
to increases surface area cumilatively
what is the inter-granal lamella?
it is a thin rod between grana that connects them
what is the function of the stroma?
- where key enzymes for photosynthesis are found
- where 2nd stage of photosynthesis occurs: glucose production (light independent stage)
(like cytoplasm if it were a cell)
key features of the nucleus (5)
- nucleoplasm
- chromosome
- nuclear envelope (double membrane)
- nuclear pore
- nucleolus
what does the chromosome in a nucleus contain?
DNA wrapped around beads of ‘histone’ protein
what is the function of the nuclear pore?
enables entry and exit of:
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- proteins
- ribosomes