52.1 + 55 + 56.1 + 56.4 Flashcards
The 4 physical factors affecting climate:
temperature, water, sunlight, wind
2 factors that have the strongest effect on where aquatic animals live
light and nutrient availability
macroclimates
weather conditions that reoccur on the regional landscape, and/or a global scale
microclimates
weather conditions that reoccur on a smaller scale, (such as, within a forest, or under a rock)
ecology
scientific study of the interations between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their enviornment
ecology deterimines the distribution:
of organisms and their abundance
Every enviornment is characterized by differences in:
abiotic and biotic factors
abiotic factors
non- living factors such as light, temperature, water and nutrients.
biotic factors
living factors, other organisms that are a part of an individual’s enviornment.
global climate patterns are determined by:
solar energy and Earth’s movement in space
tropics
the place with the most intense sunlight, direct sunlight(23.5 N- Lat and 23.5 S- Lat)
ocean climates influence:
the climate of nearby terrestial enviorments
all ecosystems dynamics involve 2 main processes:
energy flow and chemical cycling
If a mineral nutrient;s outpuits exceed its input:
it will limit production in that system
Autotrophs build molecules themselves using:
photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
primary producers
autotrophs
primary consumers
herbivoes
secondary consumers
carnivores
tertiary consumers
carnivores that feed on other carnivores
important detritivores
prokaryotes and fungi
detrivitores or decomposers get energy from
nonliving organic matter(detritus)
nutrients cycle through an ecosystem
true
primary productivity
the amount of light energy converted to chemical bond energy(inorganic molecules to biomass) through photosynthesis during a given time period
gross primary production(GPP)
total primary production
net primary production(NPP)
GPP minus energy used by autotrophs for respiration. usually 1/2GPP
net ecosystem production(NEP)
measure of the total biomass accumulation of producers and consumers during a given period. GPP- (respiration of all organisms) - estimated by comparing the flux of CO2 and O2
release of O2 from a system indicates
the system is storing CO2
WATER CYCLE(3)
Evaporation- Condensation- Precipitation
CARBON CYCLE (3)
Photosynthesis- Respiration- Burning of fossil fuels
NITROGEN CYCLE (3)
nitrogen fixation, denitrification
Threats to biodiversity(4)
habitat loss, overharvesting, invasive species, global change
endangered species
one that is in danger of extinction
threatened species
one that is likely to become endangered soon
DDT
dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane interferes with ETC. (pesticide)
currents flowing TO the equator
carry COLD water from the poles
