48- Neurons, Synapsis, and Signaling

Question 1

neuron signaling(2)

Answer 1

electrical signaling and chemical signaling

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

nerve cells that transfer information in the body

the instructional and functional units of the nervous system

Question 3

synapse

Answer 3

junctions where signals are passed between neurons

Question 4

dendrites

Answer 4

cell body receives signals

Question 5

all neurons have the same part but different___

Answer 5

shapes

Question 6

neuron examples

Answer 6

sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

Question 7

cells are kept at a certain charge at the membrane

Answer 7

true, Na+/K+ concentration gradient

Question 8

nerves are formed from

Answer 8

bundles of the axons of motor and sensory neurons

Question 9

postsynaptic potentials

Answer 9

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials(EPSPs) and Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)

Question 10

A postsynaptic potential is generated by:

Answer 10

a neurotransmitter binding which causes ion channels to open, generating postsynaptic potential

Question 11

equilibrium potential

Answer 11

the membrane voltage ofr a particular ion at equilibrium. Calculated by the Nernst equation.

Question 12

Equilibrium potential of K+

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

Equilibrium potential of Na+

Answer 13

positive

Question 14

Amino Acids

Answer 14

Glutamate, acts as a neurotransmitter in vets and inverts. Gonna- aminobutyric acid(GABA), the neurotransmitter at most inhibitory synapses in the brain.

Question 15

Gases

Answer 15

NO- nitric oxide, local regulator of PNS, synthesized on demand

Question 16

Neuropeptides

Answer 16

short chains of amino acids, functioning as neurotransmitters

Question 17

endorphins

Answer 17

affect our perception of pain

Question 18

opiates

Answer 18

bind to the receptors as endorphins, used a painkillers

Question 19

biogenic amines

Answer 19

ex. epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin. They play a role in a number of nervous system disorders

Question 20

refractory period

Answer 20

a period after depolarization during which time the sodium channels remain inactivated

Question 21

charges

Answer 21

channels allow more K+ than Na+ to flow down its gradient resulting in more + charges outside the cell

Question 22

membrane potential of neurons

Answer 22

higher Na+ outside, higher K+ inside

Question 23

resting potential

Answer 23

a period where most voltage- gated sodium(Na+) and potassium (K+) channels are closed

Question 24

action potential

Answer 24

____ results from changes in membrane potential as ion move through voltage gated channels

Question 25

steps of action potential

Answer 25

1. resting state. 2. depolarization. 3. Rising phase of the action potential 4. Falling phase of the action potential 5. Undershoot(restoration) of resting potential)

Question 26

myelin sheath

Answer 26

layers of lipid membrane, results in faster transmission of the electrical signal

Question 27

What hold neurons together at a synapse?

Answer 27

Membrane proteins