46- Animal Reproduction

Question 1

Mammalian reproduction is coordinated by:

Answer 1

hormones from the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and gonads

Question 2

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 2

is secreted by the hypothalamus and directs the release of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the anterior pituitary

Question 3

FSH and LH

Answer 3

stimulate sex hormone production by the gonads

Question 4

The main sex hormones

Answer 4

steroid hormones

Question 5

Sex hormones function

Answer 5

Sex hormones function in gamete production, sexual behavior, and the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics

Question 6

seminiferous tubules

Answer 6

where sperm is formed

Question 7

Sertoli cells

Answer 7

found in the walls of seminiferous tubules, these cells nourish and protect developing sperm

Question 8

Leydig cells

Answer 8

surround the tubules, produce testosterone and other androgens

Question 9

each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to produce:

Answer 9

4 spermatids, which differentiate into mature sperm

Question 10

eggs

Answer 10

produced within the follicle, in the ovary, one at a time

Question 11

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 11

Released by the embryo when the egg is fertilized and the embryo implants in the uterus. which maintains the corpus luteum and endometrium. Pregnancy tests detect hCG.

Question 12

Uterus Cycle

Answer 12

Negative feedback from estradiol and progesterone prevents a new follicle from maturing, inhibiting fertilization. If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium is sloughed off and the cycle begins again.

Question 13

How do hormones get from the anterior pituitary to the ovaries?

Answer 13

Through the blood

Question 14

Without the corpus luteum and progesterone, the uterine lining will:

Answer 14

Shed, i.e., menstrual flow

Question 15

How do spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in humans?

Answer 15

Oogenesis produces one functional ovum and spermatogenesis produces four functional spermatozoa.

Question 16

The combination of estrogen and progesterone in most oral contraceptives for women:

Answer 16

inhibits secretion of LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary, thus inhibiting follicle development.