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B5- CELL RECOGNITION AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM > 5.2- PHAGOCYTOSIS > Flashcards

5.2- PHAGOCYTOSIS Flashcards

1
Q

What must a pathogen do to infect a body?

A

must first gain entry

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2
Q

What is the role of the first line of defence?

A

form physical or chemical barrier to entry

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3
Q

What is the next line of defence if the first line of defence fails?

A

white blood cells

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4
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells?

A

phagocytes

lymphocytes

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5
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

ingest + destroy pathogen by process called phagocytosis before it can cause harm

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6
Q

What response are lymphocytes involved in?

A

immune response

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7
Q

What is the second line of defence?

A

phagocytosis

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8
Q

What type of particles can be engulfed by cells in vesicles formed the cell-surface membrane?

A

large particles i.e. some types of bacteria

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9
Q

What are the types of white blood cells in the blood that carry out phagocytosis?

A

phagocytes

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10
Q

What do phagocytes provide?

A

important defence against pathogens that manage to enter body

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11
Q

What do some of the phagocytes travel in?

A

the blood

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12
Q

Where can some of the phagocytes move out of and move into?

A

move out of blood vessels into other tissues

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13
Q

What do the phagocytes move towards? (#1 phagocytosis)

A

chemical products of pathogens or dead, damaged + abnormal cells act as attractants

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14
Q

What do phagocytes have several of and what do they do? (#2 phagocytosis)

A

several receptors on their cell-surface membrane that recognise, and attach to chemicals on surface of pathogen

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15
Q

What do phagocytes do after the receptors have attached to the chemicals on the surface of the pathogen? (#3 phagocytosis)

A

engulf pathogen to form vesicle

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16
Q

What is the vesicle with the pathogen in phagocytosis called?

A

phagosome

17
Q

What happens after the phagosome is formed? (#4 phagocytosis)

A

lysosomes move towards the vesicle and fuse with it

18
Q

What enzyme is present within lysosomes?

A

lysozymes

19
Q

What do the lysozymes do bacteria? (#5 phagocytosis)

A

destroy ingested bacteria by hydrolysis of their cell walls

20
Q

What is the process of lysozymes destroying the ingested bacteria by hydrolysis of their cell walls the same as?

A

digestion of food in intestines, namely hydrolysis of larger, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble ones

21
Q

What happens to the soluble products from the breakdown of the pathogen? (#6 phagocytosis)

A

absorbed into cytoplasm of phagocyte

B5- CELL RECOGNITION AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (7 decks)

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