5.2 pancreas & glucose regulation

Question 1

what type of gland is the pancreas?

Answer 1

endocrine and exocrine

Question 2

how is the pancreas an exocrine gland?

Answer 2

releases enzymes via duct into duodenum

Question 3

how is the pancreas an endocrine gland?

Answer 3

produces hormones and releases them into the blood

Question 4

what is the exocrine glandular tissue responsible for?

Answer 4

producing digestive enzymes and pancreatic juice (alkaline fluid)

Question 5

the enzymes and juice secreted into ducts eventually leading to what?

Answer 5

the pancreatic duct

Question 6

the enzymes and juice are released from the duct into what?

Answer 6

the duodenum

Question 7

what is the duodenum?

Answer 7

the top part of the small intestine

Question 8

what are the 3 types of important digestive enzymes the pancreas produces?

Answer 8

amylase
protease
lipase

Question 9

what do amylases produced by the pancreas do?

Answer 9

break down starch into simple sugars

Question 10

what do proteases produced by the pancreas do?

Answer 10

break down proteins into amino acids e.g. trypsin

Question 11

what do lipases produced by the pancreas do?

Answer 11

break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol e.g. pancreatic glycerol

Question 12

what hormones is the pancreas responsible for producing?

Answer 12

insulin and glucagon

Question 13

what do insulin and glucagon play an important role in?

Answer 13

controlling blood glucose concentration

Question 14

within exocrine tissue there are small regions of exocrine tissue called what?

Answer 14

islets of langerhans

Question 15

what are the two cell types in the islets of Langerhans?

Answer 15

alpha cells

beta cells

Question 16

what do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 16

glucagon

Question 17

what do beta cells secrete?

Answer 17

insulin

Question 18

what are secretory acini?

Answer 18

exocrine glands surrounding the islets of langerhan that secrete digestive enzymes

Question 19

what does the body use glucose for?

Answer 19

to make ATP

Question 20

to remain healthy what constant level of blood glucose must your body maintain?

Answer 20

90mg cm-3

Question 21

if glucose wasn’t kept constant what would happen to levels?

Answer 21

too high after meals
low several hours later
leaving not enough glucose for respiration

Question 22

through what process does the body keep levels constant?

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

what are the 3 ways you can increase blood glucose?

Answer 23

diet
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis

Question 24

how can you increase blood glucose concentration through your diet?

Answer 24

eating foods rich in carbohydrates e.g. pasta
carbs broken down to glucose
which is absorbed into bloodstream

Question 25

what is glycogenolysis?

Answer 25

glycogen stored in liver and muscle cells is broken down into glucose and released into blood stream increasing blood glucose conc

Question 26

what is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 26

producing glucose from non carbohydrate sources
e.g. glycerol (lipids) in the liver or amino acids
released into bloodstream increasing blood glucose concentration

Question 27

name two ways blood glucose levels can be reduced:

Answer 27

respiration

glycogenesis

Question 28

how can you reduce blood glucose levels through respiration?

Answer 28

glucose in blood used by cells to release energy
during exercise, more glucose necessary for muscle contraction
more exercise, higher energy demands, more glucose needed, decrease in blood glucose

Question 29

what is glycogenesis?

Answer 29

excess glucose converted into glycogen to be stored in liver

Question 30

what does “lysis” mean?

Answer 30

splitting

Question 31

what does “genesis” mean?

Answer 31

birth/origin

Question 32

what does “neo” mean?

Answer 32

new