52. Human blood groups, alloantigens, the ABO/ H/ system. Flashcards

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1
Q

Alloantigen - an antigen that is part of an animals self-recognition system. Alloantigens are the products of polymorphic genes. ex. blood group antigens, present in some members of the same species, not common to all members of species

A

Alloantigen - an antigen that is part of an animals self-recognition system. Alloantigens are the products of polymorphic genes. ex. blood group antigens, present in some members of the same species, not common to all members of species

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2
Q

The ABO system - 4 main phenotypes (A, B, AB, O). The ABO gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9.

A

The ABO system - 4 main phenotypes (A, B, AB, O). The ABO gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9.

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3
Q

Blood Group Antigens of RBCs Antibodies in serum Genotypes

A A Anti-B AA or AO

B B Anti-A BB or BO

AB A + B Neither AB

O Neither Anti-A and Anti-B OO

A

Blood Group Antigens of RBCs Antibodies in serum Genotypes

A A Anti-B AA or AO

B B Anti-A BB or BO

AB A + B Neither AB

O Neither Anti-A and Anti-B OO

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4
Q

The A + B alleles each encode a glycosyltransferase that catalyses the final step in the synthesis of the A + B antigen respectively. The O allele encodes an inactive glycosyltransferase that leaves the ABO antigen precursor (the H antigen) unmodified.

A

The A + B alleles each encode a glycosyltransferase that catalyses the final step in the synthesis of the A + B antigen respectively. The O allele encodes an inactive glycosyltransferase that leaves the ABO antigen precursor (the H antigen) unmodified.

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5
Q

IgG and IgM are naturally occurring antibodies. Anti -A is found in the serum of people with blood groups O and B. Anti-B is found in the serum of people with blood groups O and A.

The ABO locus encodes specific glycotransferases that synthesise A + B antigens on RBCs.

A

IgG and IgM are naturally occurring antibodies. Anti -A is found in the serum of people with blood groups O and B. Anti-B is found in the serum of people with blood groups O and A.

The ABO locus encodes specific glycotransferases that synthesise A + B antigens on RBCs.

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6
Q

For A/B antigen synthesis to occur, the H antigen must be present. (the O allele differs from the A allele by deletion of guanine at position 261 - this deletion causes a frameshift)

A

For A/B antigen synthesis to occur, the H antigen must be present. (the O allele differs from the A allele by deletion of guanine at position 261 - this deletion causes a frameshift)

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7
Q

The H locus - individuals who are homozygous for null alleles at this locus do not produce H antigens - as a result they cannot produce A + B antigens. Therefore their serum contains anti-A and anti-B, in addition to potent anti-M. This rare phenotype of H-deficient RBCs is called Bombay phenotype

A

The H locus - individuals who are homozygous for null alleles at this locus do not produce H antigens - as a result they cannot produce A + B antigens. Therefore their serum contains anti-A and anti-B, in addition to potent anti-M. This rare phenotype of H-deficient RBCs is called Bombay phenotype

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8
Q

The Rh blood group system consists of 50 defined blood-group antigens, among which the 5 antigens D, C, c, E and e are most important

The se locus: encodes for a specific fucosyltransferase that is expressed in the epithelia of secretory tissues ex. salivary glands

A

The Rh blood group system consists of 50 defined blood-group antigens, among which the 5 antigens D, C, c, E and e are most important

The se locus: encodes for a specific fucosyltransferase that is expressed in the epithelia of secretory tissues ex. salivary glands

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9
Q

In RBCs the enzymes that synthesise the H antigen is encoded by the H-locus

In saliva, the enzymes that synthesise the H antigens are encoded by Se locus

A

In RBCs the enzymes that synthesise the H antigen is encoded by the H-locus

In saliva, the enzymes that synthesise the H antigens are encoded by Se locus

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