32. Molecular base of heredity. DNA and RNA - structure and functions. Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of DNA:
- made up of 2 antiparallel strands of joined nucleotides connected together

  • nucleotides consist of a deoxyribose sugar (monosaccharides), N base (nitrogenous base) of the purine, pyrimidine origin and a phosphate group
  • N base is connected to carbon 1 of deoxyribose sugar by a glycosidic bond
  • two nucleotides are bonded together by a phosphodiester bond between carbon 3 of one deoxyribose sugar and carbon 5 of the other deoxyribose sugar
  • pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine + thymine
  • purines in DNA are adenine + guanine
  • bases bind by complementary base pairing - A + T and C + G
A

Structure of DNA:
- made up of 2 antiparallel strands of joined nucleotides connected together

  • nucleotides consist of a deoxyribose sugar (monosaccharides), N base (nitrogenous base) of the purine, pyrimidine origin and a phosphate group
  • N base is connected to carbon 1 of deoxyribose sugar by a glycosidic bond
  • two nucleotides are bonded together by a phosphodiester bond between carbon 3 of one deoxyribose sugar and carbon 5 of the other deoxyribose sugar
  • pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine + thymine
  • purines in DNA are adenine + guanine
  • bases bind by complementary base pairing - A + T and C + G
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2
Q

Structure of RNA:

  • same as DNA except, instead of thymine it’s uracil
  • single stranded - sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose
A

Structure of RNA:

  • same as DNA except, instead of thymine it’s uracil
  • single stranded - sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose
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3
Q

Functions of DNA:

  • control and regulation of cellular activity (transfers genetic messages to all of the cells in your body)
  • DNA replication for reproduction and maintenance and growth of cells, tissues and body systems
  • codes for proteins which have various important functions
  • protein synthesis
A

Functions of DNA:

  • control and regulation of cellular activity (transfers genetic messages to all of the cells in your body)
  • DNA replication for reproduction and maintenance and growth of cells, tissues and body systems
  • codes for proteins which have various important functions
  • protein synthesis
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4
Q

Functions of RNA:

  • some RNA molecules act as catalysts - ribozymes - they are usually precursors of rRNA, reduce the internal segments of themselves, splicing the ends together
  • RNA acts also as ribonuclease, cleaving other RNA molecules
  • peptidyl transferase - composed of RNA
  • mRNA (messenger RNA) - acts as a template for protein synthesis
  • rRNA (ribosomal RNA)- associates with proteins to form ribosomes
  • tRNA (transfer RNA) - adapters between mRNA + amino acids (contains own specific amino acid - binds to polypeptide chain if mRNA calls for it), reading of mRNA
A

Functions of RNA:

  • some RNA molecules act as catalysts - ribozymes - they are usually precursors of rRNA, reduce the internal segments of themselves, splicing the ends together
  • RNA acts also as ribonuclease, cleaving other RNA molecules
  • peptidyl transferase - composed of RNA
  • mRNA (messenger RNA) - acts as a template for protein synthesis
  • rRNA (ribosomal RNA)- associates with proteins to form ribosomes
  • tRNA (transfer RNA) - adapters between mRNA + amino acids (contains own specific amino acid - binds to polypeptide chain if mRNA calls for it), reading of mRNA
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