Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RT 206 > 5.2 Biologic Effects of Radiation > Flashcards

5.2 Biologic Effects of Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

are the most

radiosensitive cells in the body

A

lymphocytes and the spermatogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBCs that transport oxygen

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

involved inclotting of blood to prevent

hemorrhage

A

Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

scavenger type of cells used to fight bacteria

A

Granulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

involved in the immune response

A

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All cells of the hemopoietic system develop from stem cells called _____

A

pluripotential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This immediate response of radiation sickness is

A

prodromal period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is the time after exposure during which there is no sign of radiation sickness

A

latent period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is characterized by a
reduction in white blood cells, red blood cells, and
platelets

A

hematologic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GI death occurs principally because of

A

severe

damage to the cells lining the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ultimate cause of death in CNS syndrome is

A

elevated fluid content of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

follows a nonlinear,

threshold dose-response relationship

A

Acute radiation lethality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The cause of death in Hematologic syndrome is

A

generalized infection, electrolyte

imbalance, and dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Damage to _____ cells results in the earliest

manifestation of radiation injury to the skin

A

basal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dose-response curves differ in two ways:

A
  1. They are either linear or nonlinear

2. They are either threshold or nonthreshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnostic radiology is primarily concerned with ______ dose-response relationships

A

linear, non-threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is termed the ambient or natural response.

A

RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Even at zero dose, nonthreshold relationships exhibit a measurable
response

A

RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

exhibit a response,

regardless of the dose

A

nonthreshold dose-response relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In 1980, the Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR Committee) concluded that the effects of low doses of
low LET radiation follow a ______

A

linear quadratic dose-response relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At low doses, the curve is linear. At higher

doses, the curve becomes curvilinear. The curve is nonthreshold

A

linear quadratic dose-response relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The portion of the curve where increases in dose show no or little
increase in effect is named the ____

A

toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is considered the
area of the curve in which a leveling off occurs, again demonstrating
no or little increase in effect

A

shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In 1990, with 10 additional years of human data, the BEIR committee revised its radiation risk estimates and adopted the ______ dose-response relationship as most relevant

A

linear, nonthreshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Current radiation protection guidelines are established using the ______ dose-response relationship model
linear nonthreshold
26
means s-shaped
Sigmoid
27
is applied predominately to the high dose effects | observed in radiotherapy
Sigmoid dose-response curve
28
There is normally a threshold below which no observable effects occur
radiotherapy
29
With a sigmoid dose-response curve, there is a _____ relationship between dose and effect, meaning that the effect is not directly proportional to the dose
nonlinear
30
The dose-response curve for deterministic effects
threshold, nonlinear
31
occur randomly | in nature
Stochastic effects
32
Stochastic effects also referred as
statistical response
33
isthe most devastating human response | to radiation exposure
Death
34
is one in which the probability of occurrence of effects, rather than their severity, increases with dose
Stochastic effects
35
Nonstochastic
Deterministic
36
are thought to be nonthreshold, as damage to | a few cells or even a single cell could theoretically produce the disease
Stochastic effects
37
2 Gyt (200 rad), Whole Body
Death
38
250 mGyt (25 rad), Whole Body
Hematologic | depression
39
2 Gyt (200 rad), Small field
Skin erythema
40
3 Gyt (300 rad), Small field
Epilation
41
50 mGyt (5 rad), Whole body
Chromosome aberration
42
100 mGyt (10 rad), Local tissue
Gonadal | dysfunction
43
Diagnostic x-ray beams always result in ______, which is less harmful than whole-body exposure.
partial-body exposure
44
is a self-renewing system
Male gametogenesis
45
From the ____ pluripotential stem cell, a number of cell types are produced
single
46
Response of Ovaries and Testes to Radiation | 100 mGyt
Minimal detectable response
47
Response of Ovaries and Testes to Radiation | 2000 mGyt
Temporary infertility
48
Response of Ovaries and Testes to Radiation | 5000 mGyt
Sterility
49
The male stem cell is the ____, which matures into the _____
spermatogonia, | spermatocyte
50
The spermatocyte in turn multiplies and develops into a _____, which finally differentiates into the functionally mature germ cell, the _____
spermatid, | spermatozoa or sperm
51
Irradiation of the _____ early in life reduces their | size (atrophy) through germ cell death
ovaries
52
is the normal incidence or response with no radiation exposure
RN
53
10–20 kVp
Grenz rays
54
Germ cells are produced by both ovaries and testes, but they develop from the stem cell phase to the mature cell phase at different rates and at different times. This process of development is called ______
gametogenesis
55
The stem cells of the ovaries are the _____, and they multiply in number only before birth during fetal life
oogonia
56
The most radiosensitive cell during female germ cell development is the oocyte in the ____ follicle
mature
57
are the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
Lymphoid Tissue
58
Products of bone marrow stem cells
- Lymphocytes - Granulocytes - Thrombocytes - Erythrocytes
59
Developing granulocytes and erythrocytes spend about ______ in the bone marrow
8 to 10 days
60
Thrombocytes have a lifetime of approximately ____ in the bone marrow
5 days
61
Thrombocytes have a lifetime of approximately ____ and erythrocytes a lifetime of nearly _____
1 week , | 4 months
62
After exposure, the first cells to become affected are the _____
lymphocytes
63
Reduced number of lymphocytes
Lymphopenia
64
Rapid increase followed first by a rapid decrease in number of granulocytes
Granulocytosis
65
Slower decrease of number of granulocytes
Granulocytopenia
66
depletion of platelets
thrombocytopenia

RT 206 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions