1. Basic Radiation Concepts

Question 1

is energy that comes from a source and travels

through space at the speed of light

Answer 1

Radiation

Question 2

Energy emitted and transferred through space

Answer 2

Radiation

Question 3

Types of Radiation

Answer 3

• Ionizing Radiation

- Nonionizing Radiation

Question 4

is any type of radiation that is
capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom
with which it interacts

Answer 4

Ionizing radiation

Question 5

Sources of Ionizing Radiation

Answer 5

• Natural Environment Radiation

- Manmade Radiation

Question 6

Natural Environmental Radiation

Answer 6

Includes cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon

Question 7

Natural Environmental

Radiation results in annual dose of approx

Answer 7

3 mSv

Question 8

Manmade Radiation

Answer 8

Includes diagnostic x-rays, nuclear power generation, research applications, industrial sources, consumer items

Question 9

Manmade Radiation results in _____ annually

Answer 9

3.2 mSv

Question 10

Modes of Human Exposure to

Radiation

Answer 10

• Irradiation

- Contamination

Question 11

Types of Irradiation

Answer 11

• External Irradiation

- Internal Irradiation

Question 12

Undesired presence of radioactive materials on any substance in concentrations greater than those which
occur naturally so much as to cause a technical inconvenience or a radiation hazard caused by spillage
or breakage

Answer 12

Contamination

Question 13

General term used to describe exposure to radiation originating from any source. It may also include all types of radiation

Answer 13

Irradiation

Question 14

indicates that the exposure is due to x-rays originating

from an external source

Answer 14

External Irradiation

Question 15

may result from inhalation or ingestion of radioactive materials or in some cases from direct absorption through the skin

Answer 15

Internal Irradiation

Question 16

Classifications of Human Exposure

Answer 16

• Background Radiation Exposure
• Medical Exposure
• Occupational Exposure
• Exposure of the Members of the General Public

Question 17

Background Radiation is contributed principally by:

Answer 17

1. Terrestrial Radiation
2. Cosmic Radiation
3. Internally deposited radionuclides

Question 18

Refers to exposure of individual members of the population to artificial sources of radiation other than medical irradiation and occupational exposure

Answer 18

Exposure of the Members of the

General Public

Question 19

Is the exposure obtained by an individual as a result of the nature of their work particularly in areas where radiation is present

Answer 19

Occupational Exposure

Question 20

Deals with intentional exposure of a patient for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes by technically
qualified medical and paramedical personnel

Answer 20

Medical Exposure

Question 21

Sources of medical radiation exposure

Answer 21

• Diagnostic Radiology
• Dental Radiology
• Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiation Oncology
• Other sources

Question 22

refers to the field of medicine that uses non-invasive

imaging scans to diagnose a patient

Answer 22

Diagnostic Radiology

Question 23

Diagnostic Radiology examples:

Answer 23

• X-ray
• Computed Tomography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Ultrasound
• Fluoroscopy

Question 24

are images of the teeth
that dentists use to evaluate oral health. These X-rays
are used with low levels of radiation to capture images
of the interior of teeth and gums to help dentists
identify problems, like cavities, tooth decay, and
impacted teeth

Answer 24

Dental X-rays (radiographs)

Question 25

``` includes techniques that use radioactive material ("radioactive tracers") that are then detected by a camera in order to produce images of the inside of the body ```

Answer 25

Nuclear medicine imaging

Question 26

is a medical sub-specialty of radiology utilizing minimally-invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat diseases in nearly every organ system

Answer 26

Interventional Radiology

Question 27

is the treatment of cancer and other diseases using radiation. Radiation is used to both kill cancer cells and prevent them from coming back or multiplying

Answer 27

Therapeutic radiology

Question 28

Therapeutic radiology, often called

Answer 28

radiation oncology | or radiation therapy

Question 29

Radiation Quantities and Units

Answer 29

- Absorbed Dose - Exposure - Activity - Dose Equivalent

Question 30

is defined as the energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material and is expressed in J/kg.

Answer 30

Absorbed Dose

Question 31

The SI unit for absorbed dose is the _____ and the customary unit is the

Answer 31

SI- Gyt (Tissue Kerma), | C- rad

Question 32

_ Gy = _ rad = _ J/kg

Answer 32

1Gy = 100 rad = 1 J/kg

Question 33

Is a radiation quantity that expresses the concentration of radiation delivered to a specific area such as the surface of the human body

Answer 33

Exposure

Question 34

Exposure's customary unit is the ____ , SI Unit is ____ , and it has a special unit of ____

Answer 34

C- R (Roentgen), SI- Gya (Air Kerma), Special- C/kg

Question 35

1 Gya = ___ R

Answer 35

100 R

Question 36

1 R = ____ C/kg

Answer 36

2.583 x 10^-4 C/kg

Question 37

Describes the number of disintegration per unit time of a radioactive isotope. Since disintegrations have no dimensions, it is measured in reciprocal seconds

Answer 37

Activity

Question 38

The SI unit of activity is the ____ and the customary unit is the

Answer 38

SI- Becquerel (Bq), | C- Curie (Ci)

Question 39

1 Ci = ___ Bq

Answer 39

3.7 x10^10 Bq

Question 40

1 Bq = __ d/s

Answer 40

1 disintegration per second

Question 41

It provides a measure of the overall risk of exposure to | humans from ionizing radiation

Answer 41

Effective Dose

Question 42

Effective Dose's customary unit is the ____, and the SI unit is the ____

Answer 42

C- rem (radiation equivalent man), SI- Sv (Sievert)

Question 43

1 Sv = ___ rem

Answer 43

100 rem