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RT 206 > 1. Basic Radiation Concepts > Flashcards

1. Basic Radiation Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

is energy that comes from a source and travels

through space at the speed of light

A

Radiation

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2
Q

Energy emitted and transferred through space

A

Radiation

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3
Q

Types of Radiation

A
  • Ionizing Radiation

- Nonionizing Radiation

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4
Q

is any type of radiation that is
capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom
with which it interacts

A

Ionizing radiation

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5
Q

Sources of Ionizing Radiation

A
  • Natural Environment Radiation

- Manmade Radiation

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6
Q

Natural Environmental Radiation

A

Includes cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon

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7
Q

Natural Environmental

Radiation results in annual dose of approx

A

3 mSv

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8
Q

Manmade Radiation

A

Includes diagnostic x-rays, nuclear power generation, research applications, industrial sources, consumer items

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9
Q

Manmade Radiation results in _____ annually

A

3.2 mSv

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10
Q

Modes of Human Exposure to

Radiation

A
  • Irradiation

- Contamination

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11
Q

Types of Irradiation

A
  • External Irradiation

- Internal Irradiation

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12
Q

Undesired presence of radioactive materials on any substance in concentrations greater than those which
occur naturally so much as to cause a technical inconvenience or a radiation hazard caused by spillage
or breakage

A

Contamination

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13
Q

General term used to describe exposure to radiation originating from any source. It may also include all types of radiation

A

Irradiation

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14
Q

indicates that the exposure is due to x-rays originating

from an external source

A

External Irradiation

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15
Q

may result from inhalation or ingestion of radioactive materials or in some cases from direct absorption through the skin

A

Internal Irradiation

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16
Q

Classifications of Human Exposure

A
  • Background Radiation Exposure
  • Medical Exposure
  • Occupational Exposure
  • Exposure of the Members of the General Public
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17
Q

Background Radiation is contributed principally by:

A
  1. Terrestrial Radiation
  2. Cosmic Radiation
  3. Internally deposited radionuclides
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18
Q

Refers to exposure of individual members of the population to artificial sources of radiation other than medical irradiation and occupational exposure

A

Exposure of the Members of the

General Public

19
Q

Is the exposure obtained by an individual as a result of the nature of their work particularly in areas where radiation is present

A

Occupational Exposure

20
Q

Deals with intentional exposure of a patient for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes by technically
qualified medical and paramedical personnel

A

Medical Exposure

21
Q

Sources of medical radiation exposure

A
  • Diagnostic Radiology
  • Dental Radiology
  • Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiology
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Other sources
22
Q

refers to the field of medicine that uses non-invasive

imaging scans to diagnose a patient

A

Diagnostic Radiology

23
Q

Diagnostic Radiology examples:

A
  • X-ray
  • Computed Tomography
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Ultrasound
  • Fluoroscopy
24
Q

are images of the teeth
that dentists use to evaluate oral health. These X-rays
are used with low levels of radiation to capture images
of the interior of teeth and gums to help dentists
identify problems, like cavities, tooth decay, and
impacted teeth

A

Dental X-rays (radiographs)

25
Q 
includes techniques that use
radioactive material ("radioactive tracers") that are then detected by a camera in order to produce images of the inside of the body
A

Nuclear medicine imaging

26
Q

is a medical sub-specialty of radiology utilizing minimally-invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat diseases in nearly every organ system

A

Interventional Radiology

27
Q

is the treatment of cancer and
other diseases using radiation. Radiation is used to both
kill cancer cells and prevent them from coming back or
multiplying

A

Therapeutic radiology

28
Q

Therapeutic radiology, often called

A

radiation oncology

or radiation therapy

29
Q

Radiation Quantities and Units

A
  • Absorbed Dose
  • Exposure
  • Activity
  • Dose Equivalent
30
Q

is defined as the energy deposited by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material and is expressed in J/kg.

A

Absorbed Dose

31
Q

The SI unit for absorbed dose is the _____ and the customary unit is the

A

SI- Gyt (Tissue Kerma),

C- rad

32
Q

_ Gy = _ rad = _ J/kg

A

1Gy = 100 rad = 1 J/kg

33
Q

Is a radiation quantity that expresses the concentration of radiation delivered to a specific area such as the surface of the human body

A

Exposure

34
Q

Exposure’s customary unit is the ____ , SI Unit is ____ , and it has a special unit of ____

A

C- R (Roentgen),
SI- Gya (Air Kerma),
Special- C/kg

35
Q

1 Gya = ___ R

A

100 R

36
Q

1 R = ____ C/kg

A

2.583 x 10^-4 C/kg

37
Q

Describes the number of disintegration per unit time of a radioactive isotope. Since disintegrations have no dimensions, it is measured in reciprocal seconds

A

Activity

38
Q

The SI unit of activity is the ____ and the customary unit is the

A

SI- Becquerel (Bq),

C- Curie (Ci)

39
Q

1 Ci = ___ Bq

A

3.7 x10^10 Bq

40
Q

1 Bq = __ d/s

A

1 disintegration per second

41
Q

It provides a measure of the overall risk of exposure to

humans from ionizing radiation

A

Effective Dose

42
Q

Effective Dose’s customary unit is the ____, and the SI unit is the ____

A

C- rem (radiation equivalent
man),
SI- Sv (Sievert)

43
Q

1 Sv = ___ rem

A

100 rem

RT 206 (9 decks)

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