5.2

Question 1

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 1

reproduction that requires only one parent and produces offspring that are genetic copies of the parent.

Question 2

what are the types of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative repro, spore formation

Question 3

Binary fission

Answer 3

the splitting of a single parent cell into two equal parts that have the same copies of genetic matriel

Question 4

example of binary fission =

Answer 4

1. some kinds of Bactria 2. amoeba

Question 5

budding

Answer 5

a group of rapidly dividing cells developed on an organism that breaks away to become a new organism

Question 6

fragmentation

Answer 6

a small piece of an organism breaks away from it and develops into a new individual

Question 7

spore formation

Answer 7

parent organisms produce spores: single cells that can develop into new individuals by repeated mitosis

Question 8

vegetative reproduction

Answer 8

special cells, usually in the stems and roots of plants, divide repeatedly to form structures that develop into a plant tray that is identical to the parent.

Question 9

example of budding =

Answer 9

1. some simple multicellular organisms such as hydras and sponges 2. one-celled yeasts

Question 10

example of fragmentation =

Answer 10

1. some plants, such as mosses and liverworts 2. some animals, such as some sea stars and corals

Question 11

example of spore formation =

Answer 11

1. common in fungi 2. some plants and algae

Question 12

example of vegetative reproduction =

Answer 12

1. very common in most kinds of plants

Question 13

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 13

1. large colonies can out-complete other organisms for nutrients and water
2. large numbers of off spring reproduce very quickly
3. species can survive if the number of predators increases

Question 14

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 14

1. offspring compete for food and space
2. extreme tempetures can wipe out entire colonies
3. negative mutations can destroy many offspring

Question 15

what can human assisted plant and animal cloning be used to… and what is this called

Answer 15

called= human assisted cloning. - save the genetic information form endangered animal species or may produce an organism with a desired trait

Question 16

give an example human assisted cloning

Answer 16

researchers are working to clone pine trees that are naturally resistant to the mountain one Beatle

Question 17

three key terms for the cloning process

Answer 17

therapeutic cloning, stem cells, embryonic cells

Question 18

therapeutic cloning

Answer 18

is used to correct health problems. both human embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells can be used for this purpose

Question 19

stem cells, ***

Answer 19

are cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells

Question 20

embryonic (stem) cells ***

Answer 20

are more desirable for therapeutic cloning because they can become anyone of our 200 types of body cells

Question 21

how does therapeutic cloning work?

Answer 21

• A scientist extracts the nucleus from an egg
  -The nucleus holds the genetic material for a human or laboratory animal
  -The scientist then takes a somatic cell, which is any body cell other than an egg or sperm, and also extract the nucleus from this cell
• The nucleus that is extracted from the somatic cell in the patient is then inserted into the egg, which had its nucleus previously removed
  In a very basic sense, it’s a procedure of substitution. The egg now contains the patient’s genetic material, or instructions

Question 22

animal cloning be used to.

Answer 22

called- Cloned animals could also be developed that would produce human antibodies against infectious diseases and even cancers