4.1

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

-in both- The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of living cells. separates the inside of the cell from its external environment. controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell. EXSTERNAL

Question 2

cell wall

Answer 2

-In plant- tough rigid structure that is surrounds the cell membrane. provides support and prevents the cell from bursting when a plant is in a very moist environment

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

-in both- jelly like substance that contain the organelles and life supporting materials such as water and sugar

Question 4

organelle

Answer 4

• in both -specialized cell part that carries specific functions to ensure a cell survival

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

-in both-organelles that change glucose into usable energy for use in the cell

Question 6

chloroplast

Answer 6

-in plant- specialized organelles that trap energy from the sun and makes glucose.

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

-in both- small organelles that do not have a membrane. some float in the cytoplasm others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. (produces protein)

Question 8

proteins

Answer 8

-in both- are essential materials required for the cell to carry out the activities nessasarey for its survival. carry out cell functions , controls all the cell functions

essential materials required for the cell to carry out the activities necessary for its survival

Question 9

ER- Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

-in both- network of membrane covered channels within cells that transports materials

Question 10

vesicles

Answer 10

-in both- are membrane covered sacks that form off the ends of the ER. vesicles transport new proteins to the Golgi body for further processing and export out of the cell.

Question 11

Golgi body

Answer 11

-in both- an organelle that sorts and packages proteins for transport

Question 12

vacuoles

Answer 12

-mostly in plant, some animals have it- membrane covered storage containers within cells. plant cells often contain small vacuoles to store starch and a large vacuole to storage water.

Question 13

nucleus-nuclei

Answer 13

-in both- organelle that controls all the activities within the cell

Question 14

nuclear membrane

Answer 14

-in both-the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane witch is similar structure to the cell membrane. the nuclear membrane protects the contents of the nucleus.
the thin outer membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 15

nucleolus

Answer 15

-in both-membrane free organelle that floats in the interior of the nucleus. the function of the nucleolus is to make ribosomes.

Question 16

nuclear pores

Answer 16

-in both-openings in the nuclear membrane that allow only certain materials into and out of the nucleus

Question 17

eukaryotic cells/prokaryokes

Answer 17

animal cells and bacteria cells

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

a biological molecule found in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information composed of sugar, phosphate, and four different bases (guanine,cytocine,adenine, and thymine) passed on from generation to generation during reproduction.

Question 19

what does DNA look like

Answer 19

the to strands or sides of the dNA ladder wrap around each other in a spiral shape that scientists call a double helix

Question 20

The 4 nitrogen bases

Answer 20

the steps of the ladder are made OF 4 nitrogen bases which are represented by letters. A - adenine G-guanine C-cytocine T-thymine. C-G A-T

Question 21

DNA is stored in chromatin

Answer 21

most of the time, DNA exists in the nucleus in the form of chromatin

Question 22

Chromatin

Answer 22

substance within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins

Question 23

DNA,chromatin,and chromosome REALATONSHIP

Answer 23

DNA is contained in chromatin which coils up and folds up to make chromosomes and at the end of the x looking chromosomes are the genes. then the chromosomes go into the nucleus of the cell

Question 24

Genes

Answer 24

segment of DNA located at a specific place on a chromosome each contain information to produce proteins.

Question 25

gene mutation

Answer 25

a change in the specific order of the A,G,C,T bases that make up a particular gene

Question 26

gene therapy

Answer 26

techniques developed to alter mutated genes in order to make the function normally

Question 27

the steps in which protein is created

Answer 27

The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. … Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins.

Question 28

where are proteins made?**

Answer 28

proteins are made in the cell by ribosomes. ribosomes are made by large structure in the nucleus called the nucleolus - produced in ribosomes

Question 29

how many chromosomes to humans have

Answer 29

46 arranged in 23 pairs

Question 30

what instructions to genes carry

Answer 30

to make proteins

Question 31

how many proteins are in the human body

Answer 31

100 000

Question 32

proteins are made by

Answer 32

Messanger RNA

Question 33

functions of DNA

Answer 33

stores genetic martial, stores instructions on how to form cells for chemicals and structures that cells must make.

Question 34

chromosomes

Answer 34

a threadlike structure in the cell nucleus that carries genes