5.1 Flashcards
how many stages are in the cell cycle?
3 stages
what are the three stages of the cell cycle
interphase, mitosis,cytokenisis
what is the proteins job during the cell cycle
proteins monitor the activities of the cell at checkpoints in the cell cycle
what can result/occur in the cell cycle
cancer may result when errors occur in the cell cycle
interphase
is the longest stage in the cell cycle which cells carry out the functions nessasary for survival and cells that divides prepare for reproduction
mitosis
mitosis diveieds the duplicated contents of the cells nucleus into 2 equal parts
cytokinesis
separates the 2 nuclei and cell contents into 2 daughter cells
what is the first stage of interphase
growth and preparation
growth and preparation
a cell increases in size and makes the proteins and molecules nessasary for the cell to function. some organelles begin to duplicate
What is the second stage of interphase
replication
replication
DNA copies or makes a replica of itself in a process called replication. the cell copies the 3 billion base pairs or DNA information in the nucleus of the cell
What is the third stage of interphase
continued growth and preperation
Continued growth and preparation
the DNA replicates and the cell continues to grow and is active making materials like proteins for the new cells that will be formed after cytogenesis also known as daughter cells. the final phase before cell division. organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts will be duplicated.
Cell makes materials such as proteins and duplicates organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What is the first stage of the cell cycle?
interphase
What is the second stage of the cell cycle?
mitosis
what are 4 key terms in the mitosis stage?
Sister chromatids, centromere, spindle fibres,centrioles
sister chromatids
DNA molecules that replicated during interphase join together to form these. identical copies of chromosomes
centromere
joins the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome
spindle fibres
tiny tube like structures made at protein (in animal and plant cells)
centrioles
are organelles that organize spindle fibres during mitosis in animal cells they begin to move apart.
what are the 5 stages of mitosis
early prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
early prophase
the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes. spindle fibres and centrioles start to form. but the nucleus starts to go away
late prophase
the spindle fibres complete forming the chromosome attache to the spindle fibres at there centromeres and the nuclear membrane disappear
metaphase
the juggling actions of spindle fibres pulls the x shape chromosomes into a single line across the middle/equator of the cell.
anaphase
the stage in mitosis or meiosis following metaphase in which the daughter chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell.
telophase
the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes.
what is the third stage of the cell cycle
cytokinesis
cytokinesis *****
final stage of the cell cycle, separates the 2 nuclei into 2 daughter cells. these new cells are identical to the original parent cell. in animal cells, the cell membrane pinches together to divide the cell cytoplasm and organelles.
what are three reasons that cells will not divide if..
- not enough nutrients to support cell growth
- DNA within the nucleus has not been replicated
- DNA is damaged
-checkpoints- in the cell cycle
special -proteins- at these checkpoints monitor cell activities and send this -information- to the -nucleus.- the -nucleus- instructs the -cell- whether or not to -divide-
