5.2 Flashcards
what are the main methods of production?
Job production
batch production
mass/flow standariztion production
mass individualised customization
what is you defniniton for job production?
production of a special ‘one off’ product made for a spesific order (for one individual costomer.
what is your definition for batch production?
production of a group of idenitycal products (the word ‘batch’ refers to the fact that the items in each group go together from one stafe of production to the next).
what is you definition of mass/flow standardized production?
production of a high volume of identical, standardized products.
Flow production, process production and line production are alternaive terms thatstress oe particular aspcet of the mass production process.
what is you denfition for mass inviduulised costomization?
this manafacturing tecnique combines mass production with the personalisation of custom made products. It is particually importnat for marketing purposes, as costomers can persanalise the goods they order and make then unique, ehnce the alternative names of ‘made too order’.
expand more on job production?
Job production – normally associated with a highest end of the market where the emphasis is in quality and originality so the producer can charge high prices. Job production entails the production of one product at a time with a “market-oriented approach” and the customer deciding how they want the product to be – also called “customization”.
Therefore, job production generally is labour intensive, with a workforce that is highly skilled and also generally with machinery that is specialized
what are the advanatages and disadvanates of job production?
A-
Very motivational for workers as it is not monotonous but varied and results in pride of accomplishment.
Requires less management coordination and control
Clients get exactly what they want
D-
The overall costs of manufacturing is highest when compared to the other production methods, this due to the highly trained labour and special equipment
Due to the specialized use of equipment, these may not be convertible to any other use and therefore serve a limited purpose
expand on batch production?
normally associated with the middle of the market where the emphasis is in quality and affordability. Batch production therefore uses a different degree of factors of production when compared to job production. With batch production a greater number of products are produced (instead of one at a time).
There are similarities in the products being produced although the number is limited to a set amount.
Hence, as compared to the job production method, a larger number of the products can be manufactured at a lower cost of production. Workers are not as engaged, and machines are more active. Therefore, this process is more capital intensive.
what are the advantages and disadvanatges of batch production?
A-Each batch can be designed to meet the consumers wishes, therefore there is some degree of choice in this production method as the alteration of machines allows for this flexibility
There is the likelihood that workers will work in teams and produce varied products. The costs of these employees will invariably be lower as they do not need to be highly skilled.
Lack of motivation in repetitive batch output. Workers will not have the satisfaction of being a part of the entire process and thereby will not feel the sense of accomplishment seen in Job production.
In the event the batch order request is of a low number, the related manufacturing costs of having to alter the equipment to meet the new production requests may outweigh the benefits of each batch production
expand of mass production?
it refers to the production of a high volume or standardized products, typically using a continuous flow of raw materials along the assembly line. it is all about quantity.
It is a continuous process that is very capital intensive and hence a high volume of products emerge as a result. Large inventories of raw material are needed to continuously feed the manufacturing.
what are the advanates and disadvantages of mass production?
A-Economies of scale. Because of the high volume of units produced, the per unit cost drops dramatically.
The labour is restricted to machine specialists and supervisors. Hence labour costs are reduced significantly
Set-up and installing machines costs will be high.
The repetitive nature of mass production will severely affect motivation and morale will suffer
what are the diffrent catagories youu can comapre job production, batch production and mass production by?
set up time, cost per unit, capital (machinary), labour, production time and stock.
comapre job production, batch production by mass production by set up time?
JP- there is a long set up time as there is a new set up for every new jonb
BP- as set up is usally a modification of an existing process, set up time can be resonably fast. Otherwise it is as for mass production.
MP- there is a very long set up as it takes time to synchronize the whole process.
comapre job production, batc production and mass production by cost per unit?
JP- high
BP-medium
MP- low
comapre job production, batch production bt mass production by capital (machinary)?
JP- the can be flexible as it depends on specific use.
BP- a mixture of machiens is used, but this method is based on general purpose machines.
MP- this can involve large numbers of generla purpose machienes designed for a specific functions.
