2.3 Flashcards
Henri Fayol (1916) outlined 5 mayor functions in management, that are used to this day, what are they?
Planning – Managers MUST plan. Setting objectives, strategies, etc. that will have implication on the organization.
Organizing – Managers need to make sure the organization had enough resources to achieve its objectives. This requires, careful organization.
Commanding – Managers need to make sure individuals know what they have to do and make sure they receive the appropriate instructions.
Coordinating – Managers must bring together the various resources to achieve objectives. They need to coordinate that various activities making sure each activity is done.
Controlling – Managers control, they have the power to do it. They also have the power to expand or reduce the scale of operations if required.
what is the diffrence between a manager than a leader?
A Manager is focussed on getting tasks accomplished in a timely manner rather than leading people. A Manager is responsible for overseen the work of a group, monitor their progress and ensure its put to effect.
A leader has a more “emotional” role , since a good leader inspires people to follow him/her voluntarily. A leader spends a lot of time and energy building relationships
what are the role of the manager?
Manager
Instructs and coordinates people
Helps subordinates to solve problems
Brings his/her expertise to bear
Has authority in the organization
Make the organization function, not challenge it
what is the role of the leader?
Motivates and inspires with their example
They often rely on “instinct”
They have a “vision”, that is followed by others
They challenge the organization, since they might not agree on how it functions.
what are the five type of leaders?
(Autocratic, Paternalistic, Democratic, Laissez-faire and Situational),
what qualities change what type of leader you are?
The subordinates (skills, education, motivation)
The decision (urgent, important, consequential)
The leader (character, experience, expectations)
The environment (creative, repressive, democratic
what is the autocratic leader?
This style refers to when a leader dictates policies and procedures, decides what goals are to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities without any meaningful participation by the subordinates. Basically, one person controls all the decisions and takes very little inputs from other group members.
whta are the tendacies of an autocratic leader?
Hold on to as much power and decision-making as they possibly can
They do not consult employees before making a decision
Their orders should be obeyed, and employees should welcome this structured environment and the rewards they receive.
This style is used mainly with “unskilled workers”, not trusted and their ideas not valued. (i.e., Military)
This type of leadership will work in and organization that need to make urgent decisions and focusses on results.
It is beneficial since the authority is clear and decisions are made quickly.
It won’t work in cases of “skilled and educated workers”
what is a paternaistic leader?
A paternalistic leadership style shares some of the characteristics of the Autocratic leader but the main difference is that the Paternalistic leader sees employees as a “family”
They have great concern for their employees, and they provide them with a sense of “safety”
what are the tendencies of the paternalistic leader?
As the employees think that the organization will always “stand by them” they will respond in a “blind trust” and loyalty to the business.
Employees tend to stay in the organization for a long time and take pride on it. Also, make the company successful since they will have a figurative “ownership” on it. They DO NOT want to let the leader down
It could however, create “moral hazard” from the employees.
what is a democratic leader?
A democratic leader involves employees in making decisions and informs them about the effect it might have on them.
what are the tensesnces of the democratic learder?
The democratic leader consults the employees constantly, and in practice this is difficult since the last decision is made by the leader.
The results of this type of leadership can be positive since the employees feel like they have “voice” and their opinion matters.
It is likely to be most effective with “skilled and educated workers” than can bring input to the organizations
However, it might not always work since it will slow down decision making and can be costly
what is a laissez-faire leader?
A “Laissez-faire” leadership means to “leave alone”, giving the employees considerable freedom on how they do they work.
what are the tendancies of the laissez fair leaders?
Employees can set their own goals, make their own decisions and solve their problems.
This management style is appropriate when employees can be trusted and have the skills an education to do so (i.e., Lectures, researchers and professors in a University or doctor practitioners’ consultancy)
The benefit of this type of leadership is that individuals are allowed to be creative and innovative. However, the individuals’ interest may diverge from the organization.
Since there is very little guidance from the leader, the employee should be very disciplined and confident.
how does the situation of a comapny affect the leadership style needed?
Different situations require different styles of leaderships. This is determined by the type of workers (skilled or unskilled).
The nature of the situation will determine the style of leader. For example, in an emergency situation the leader might shift from Democratic to Autocratic. Or in a situation that does not have any consequence on the organization but on the morale of the employees, the autocratic leader might turn Democratic.
The benefit of Situational leadership is that leaders match their style to the circumstances . Nevertheless, if a leader changes “styles” too often is not seen as reliable.
