Chapter 10: Shock

Question 1

shock = _____

Answer 1

hypoperfusion

Question 2

shock means a state of collapse and failure of the ______ system that leads to ____

Answer 2

CV system that leads to inadequate circulation

Question 3

in the ___ stages of shock, the body attempts to maintain homeostasis

Answer 3

early

Question 4

as shock progresses _____ slows and eventually ceases

Answer 4

blood circulation

Question 5

shock can occur because of medial or traumatic events like:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 5

1. heart attack
2. severe allergic reaction
3. automobile crash
4. gunshot wound

Question 6

_____ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cell’s current needs

Answer 6

perfusion

Question 7

list the two circuits in the body

Answer 7

systemic and pulmonic

Question 8

the _____ circulation carries oxygen-rich blood from the LV through the body and back to the RA

Answer 8

systemic

Question 9

____ is a passive process in which molecules move from an area with high conc of molecules to an area of lower conc

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

three parts of the CV system, called the “perfusion triangle”

Answer 10

pump (heart)
set of pipes (bv and arteries)
blood

Question 11

blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by the _____, circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate

Answer 11

capillary sphincters

Question 12

these sphincters are under control of the

Answer 12

ANS

Question 13

perfusion requires more than just having a working CV system. it also requires adequate ____, _____, and ____

Answer 13

oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal

Question 14

the _____ and _____ are triggered when the body senses that the pressure in the system is failing

Answer 14

ANS and hormones

Question 15

shock can result from many conditions including; 
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 15

1. bleeding
2. respiratory failure
3. acute allergic reactions
4. overwhelming infection

Question 16

3 main causes of shock

Answer 16

1. pump failure
2. low fluid volume
3. poor vessel function

Question 17

_____ is caused by inadequate function of the heart (pump failure)

Answer 17

cardiogenic shock

Question 18

a major effect of cardiogenic schock is backup of blood in the lungs or ______

Answer 18

pulmonary edema

Question 19

______ occurs when conditions that cause mechanical obstruction of the cardiac muscle also affect the pump function

Answer 19

obstructive shock

Question 20

2 examples of obstructive shock

Answer 20

1. cardiac tamponade

2. tension pneumothorax

Question 21

_____ is a collection of fluid between the peridcardial sac and the myocardium

Answer 21

cardiac tamponade

Question 22

signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade are known as

Answer 22

beck’s triad (JVD, muffled heart sounds, and systolic and diastolic BP starting to merge)

Question 23

____ is caused by damage to lung tissue

Answer 23

tension pneumothorax

Question 24

a tension pneumothorax allows are normally held in the lung to escape into the

Answer 24

chest cavity (which applies pressure to the heart)

Question 25

_____ results when there is a widespread dilation of small arterioles, venules, or both

Answer 25

distributive shock

Question 26

4 types of distributive shock

Answer 26

1. septic shock 2. neurogenic shock 3. anaphylactic shock 4. psychogenic shock

Question 27

___ occurs as a result of severe infections in which toxins are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues

Answer 27

septic shock

Question 28

in septic shock the toxins damage the vessel walls causing ___cellular permeability. the vessel walls leak and are unable to contract well.

Answer 28

INC

Question 29

____ is usually a result of injury to the part of the nervous system that controls the size and muscle tone of the blood vessels

Answer 29

neurogenic shock

Question 30

in neurogenic shock the muscles in the walls of the blood vessels are cut off from the SNS and nerve impulses that cause them to contract. all vessels below the level of the spinal injury _____ causing blood to ___

Answer 30

dilate widely causing blood to pool

Question 31

______ occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized

Answer 31

anaphylactic shock

Question 32

______ is the result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the system

Answer 32

hypovolemic shock

Question 33

____ can cause or aggravate shock

Answer 33

dehydration

Question 34

______ is when a patient with a severe injury, such as a flail chest or obstruction of the airway, may be unable to breathe in an adequate amount of oxygen

Answer 34

respiratory insufficiency

Question 35

list the three stages in the progression of shock

Answer 35

1. compensated shock 2. decompensated shock 3. irreversible shock

Question 36

in compensated shock the body can still compensate for

Answer 36

blood loss

Question 37

decompensated shock is the late stage where blood pressure is

Answer 37

falling

Question 38

irreversible shock is the

Answer 38

terminal stage of shock

Question 39

_____ may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

Answer 39

blood pressure

Question 40

a rapid pulse suggests _____ shock

Answer 40

compensated

Question 41

in shock/compensated shock the skin may be

Answer 41

cool, clammy, or ashen

Question 42

patients in cardiogenic shock usually have ____ blood pressure

Answer 42

low

Question 43

``` other signs and sx of cardiogenic shock include; - ____ pulse - - - ```

Answer 43

- weak/irregular pulse - cyanosis - nausea - anxiety

Question 44

for treating cardiogenic shock place the patient in a position that...

Answer 44

eases breathing as you give high-flow oxygen

Question 45

INC ____ should be the priority in treating cardiac tamponade

Answer 45

INC cardiac output

Question 46

in tension pneumothorax usually the only action hat can prevent eventual death is ____ of the injured side of the chest

Answer 46

decompression (EMTS give high flow oxygen via NRB)

Question 47

in treating septic shock and neurogenic shock you should keep the patient ____

Answer 47

warm

Question 48

effective treatment for a sever, acute allergic reaction is to administer _____ via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection

Answer 48

epinephrine

Question 49

perfusion require an intact ____ system and a functioning ___ system

Answer 49

intact CV system and a functioning respiratory system

Question 50

fainting is what type of shock

Answer 50

psychogenic

Question 51

severe thermal burns causes what type of shock

Answer 51

hypovolemic shock

Question 52

a dec in blood pressure is an early sign of shock (true or false?)

Answer 52

FALSE. late sign of shock, designates decompensated shock

Question 53

infants and children may lose half their blood volume before having BP drop (true or false?)

Answer 53

TRUE.

Question 54

what are the 6 general considerations for treating a patient in shock

Answer 54

1. keep the patient supine 2. control obvious external bleeding 3. splint the patient on a backboard 4. give high flow oxygen 5. keep the patient warm 6. elevate the legs

Question 55

why should you be cautious in giving nitroglycerin to a patient already in cardiogenic shock

Answer 55

patients BP may already be low

Question 56

The three basic causes for shock are poor pump function, dilating blood vessels, and

Answer 56

blood or fluid loss

Question 57

Damage to the spinal cord that produces neurogenic shock will cause the blood vessels to

Answer 57

dilate

Question 58

the following are signs and symptoms of what kind of shock: urticaria and flushing. edema of the face, tongue, and lips. itching and burning.

Answer 58

anaphylactic shock

Question 59

During decompensated shock, the blood pressures will

Answer 59

fall

Question 60

At what systolic blood pressure should you recognize that an adult patient is in decompensated shock

Answer 60

90 mm Hg

Question 61

Anxiety, bad news, or sight of blood can cause ________ shock

Answer 61

psychogenic

Question 62

In compensated shock, the pulse of the patient usually

Answer 62

INC

Question 63

When assessing breathing for a patient in shock, an increased respiratory rate can be a sign of

Answer 63

compensated shock

Question 64

When treating a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of shock, which of the following actions would not be appropriate? - Provide high flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask. - Splint all suspected extremity fractures. - Request ALS back-up.

Answer 64

Splint all suspected extremity fractures.

Question 65

When treating a patient in cardiogenic shock, your first step should be to

Answer 65

ensure the patient has an open airway