Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECU Motor Speech Disorders > 5.1 - Spastic Dysarthria > Flashcards

5.1 - Spastic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hallmarks of Spastic Dysarthria?

2

A

Reduced speed

Reduced range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Bilateral damage to the direct and indirect activation pathways of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where might Spastic Dysarthria manifest?

A

In any or all speech systems

Respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, prosody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is Spastic Dysarthria usually confined to a single component?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What slows down movement and reduces range + force in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

The combined affects of weakness and spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Spasticity a hallmark of?

A

Upper motor neuron disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cranial areas are involved in Spastic Dysarthria?

2

A

Corticobulbar tracts

Bilateral disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If Spasticity is affecting speech, it will also be affecting _______.

A

Other muscle systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What physical symptoms may be seen in an individual suffering from Spasticity?

(2)

A

Fingers curled inward

Arms pulled tight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes weakness in Spasticity?

A

Muscle stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two Activation Pathways of the UMN?

A

Direct Activation Pathway (Coricobulbar)

Indirect Activation Pathway (Basal Ganglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Direct Activation Pathway (Coricobulbar) is primarily _______. It creates _____________.

A

Facilitatory

Discrete, skilled, voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Indirect Activation Pathway (Basal Ganglia) is primary _______. It regulates __________ and ___________.

A

Inhibitory

//

Posture + tone

Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 6 symptoms may be seen when there are UMN lesions to the DIRECT Pathway?

A

Loss of skilled movement

Hypotonia

Weakness (distal > proximal)

Absent abdominal reflexes

Babinski’s sign (reflex on sole of foot)

Hyporeflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 6 symptoms may be seen when there are UMN lesions to the INDIRECT Pathway?

A

Increased muscle tone

Spasticity

Clonus (muscular spasm)

Decorticate or decerebrate posture (overextended posture)

Hyperactive stretch reflexes

Hyperactive gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of Dysarthria is caused by UMN lesions to the DIRECT Pathway?

A

Flaccid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of Dysarthria is caused by UMN lesions to the INDIRECT Pathway?

A

Spastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the distinguishing signs of UMN lesions?

3

A

Spasticity

Normal to hyperactive reflexes

Many muscle groups will be affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in the acute phase of UMN lesions?

In the later stages?

A

Hypotonia

Spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the difference between how faccid dysarthria and spastic dysarthria affects muscle groups?

A

Flaccid dysarthria can affect isolated muscle groups

Spastic dysarthria affects patterns of movement in all muscle groups (but not necessarily equally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which type of Dysarthria is typically associated with Respiratory Incompentence: Flaccid or Spastic?

//

How? (4)

A

Flaccid

//

Hypernasality

Imprecise consonants

Nasal emission

Short phrases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which type of Dysarthria is typically associated with a Slow Rate of Speech: Flaccid or Spastic?

A

Spastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which type of Dysarthria is typically associated with a Strained or Strangled Voice: Flaccid or Spastic?

A

Spastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Hypernasality?

Which muscle groups?

A

CN X (Vegus)

Veleopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Imprecise Consonants? (4)

Which muscle groups?

A

CN V (Trigeminal)

CN VII (Facial)

CN X (Vegus)

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

//

Articulatory (Jaw, Face, Tongue, Velopharyngeal, Tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Continuous Breathiness?

Which muscle groups?

A

CN X (Vegus)

Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Monopitch?

Which muscle groups?

A

CN X (Vegus)

Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Nasal Emission?

Which muscle groups?

A

CN X

Velopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Audible Inspiration?

Which muscle groups?

A

CN X

Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Harsh Voice Quality?

Which muscle groups?

A

CN X

Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Short Phrases? (2)

Which muscle groups? (2)

A

CN X

Spinal

//

Laryngeal

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in Monoloudness? (2)

Which muscle groups? (2)

A

CN X

Spinal

//

Laryngeal

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which speech component is involved in Monopitch?

A

Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which speech component is involved in Reduced Stress?

A

Prosodic

35
Q

Which speech component is involved in Harshness?

A

Laryngeal

36
Q

Which speech component is involved in Monoloudness?

A

Laryngeal-respiratory

37
Q

Which speech component is involved in Low Pitch?

A

Laryngeal

38
Q

Which speech component is involved in a Slow Rate of Speech?

A

Articulatory-prosodic

39
Q

Which speech component is involved in Hypernasality?

A

Velopharyngeal

40
Q

Which speech component is involved in a Strained-Strangled Voice Quality?

A

Laryngeal

41
Q

Which speech component may be involved in Short Phrases?

3

A

Laryngeal-respiratory

Velopharyngeal

Articulatory

42
Q

Which speech component is involved in Distorted Vowels?

A

Articulatory

43
Q

Which speech component is involved in Pitch Breaks?

A

Laryngeal

44
Q

Which speech component is involved in a Continuous Breathy Voice?

A

Laryngeal

45
Q

Which speech component is involved in Excess or Equal Stress?

A

Prosodic

46
Q

What other symptom may be seen in UMN Lesions?

A

Lability (Pseudobulbar affect)

[pathological laughing or crying]

47
Q

How might reflexes be affected in Flaccid Dysarthria?

A

Both voluntary and involuntary are affected

48
Q

How might reflexes be affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Reflexes are normal or exaggerated

49
Q

How is Direction of Movement affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Normal

50
Q

How is Rhythm of Movement affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Repetitive movements are regular

51
Q

How is Rate of Movement affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

2

A

Repetitive movements are slow

Individual movements are slow

52
Q

How is Range of Movement affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

2

A

Repetitive movements are reduced

Individual movements are reduced and/or weak

53
Q

How is Force of Movement affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Individual movements are reduced

54
Q

How is Muscle Tone affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Excessive

55
Q

What are the Articulatory-Resonatory Characteristics of Spastic Dysarthria?

(3)

A

Imprecise consonants

Distorted vowels

Hypernasality

56
Q

What are the Phonatory Characteristics of Spastic Dysarthria?

(5)

A

Low Pitch

Pitch Break

Harshness

Slow Rate

Strained-Strangled Voice

57
Q

What are the Prosodic Characteristics of Spastic Dysarthria?

4

A

Monoloudness

Monopitch

Reduced Stress

Short Phrases

58
Q

What sorts of Prosodic Excess may be seen in Spastic Dysarthria?

(2)

A

Excess or Equal Stress

Slow Rate

59
Q

How is Naturalness affected in Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Impaired

60
Q

What may patients complain about with Spastic Dysarthria?

4

A

Slow speech (due to difficulty manipulating articulators quickly and precisely)

Increased effort to speak

Chewing and swallowing problems

Difficulty controlling emotions

61
Q

What did Dr. Ellis say are the 3 most important characteristics of Spastic Dysarthria Speech?

A

Reduced ROM

Reduced VOM

Impairments in all subsystems

62
Q

In CVAs (causing spastic dysarthria), what is the….

  • Locus? (3)
  • Pathology? (3)
  • Effect?
  • Signs? (2)
A

– LOCUS –

Bilateral cortical

Lacunar infarcts (white matter disease)

Single brainstem

– PATHOLOGY –

Internal carotid artery

Middle cerebral artery

Posterior cerebral artery

– EFFECT –

Bilateral corticobulbar pathways are disrupted

– SIGNS –

Spastic Dysarthria

Dysphagia

63
Q

In BINSWANGER’S SUBCORTICAL ENCEPHALOPATHY (with MID), what is the….

  • Locus?
  • Pathology?
  • Effect?
  • Signs? (3)
A

– LOCUS –

Bilateral UMN

– PATHOLOGY –

Hypertensive lacunar strokes

– EFFECT –

Impairment of corticobulbar pathways

– SIGNS –

Spastic Dysarthria

Dysphagia

Dementia

64
Q

Why can a single lesion to the brainstem cause spastic dysarthria?

A

All corticobulbar tracts course through the brainstem

65
Q

In PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS (PLS), what is the….

  • Locus? (2)
  • Pathology?
  • Effect?
  • Signs? (2)
A

– LOCUS –

Corticobulbar tracts

Corticospinal tracts

– PATHOLOGY –

Degenerative disorder

– EFFECT –

Spasticity in speech + limbs

– SIGNS –

Spastic Dysarthria

Impaired function of limbs

(Progressive pseudobulbaire palsy)

66
Q

What is different about the name “UMN Dysarthria”?

A

It is anatomic, not pathophysiologic

67
Q

How has UMN Dysarthria been considered historically?

2

A

Mild

Temporary

68
Q

What may mask UMN Dysarthria?

2

A

Aphasia

Apraxia of Speech

69
Q

What might UMN Dysarthria be the only sign of?

A

Neurologic disease

70
Q

What may be seen in Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

4

A

Unilateral weakness of the tongue

Unilateral weakness of the face

Spasticity

Incoordination

71
Q

What may be seen Contralaterally in Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

(3)

A

Hemiplegia

Hemiparesis

Lower facial weakness

72
Q

What may be seen on the affected side in Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

(3)

A

Positive Babinski reflex (on sole of foot)

Weakness

Spasticity

73
Q

What pathway lesions are usually present in Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

(2)

A

Indirect pathway lesions

Direct pathway lesions

74
Q

What may cause Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

1+4

A

Any process damaging UMNs unilaterally such as…

  • Tumors
  • Trauma
  • Stroke (most common)
  • Degenerative disease (not common)
75
Q

What might patients complain about in Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

(3)

A

“Slurred, thick, or slow speech”

Dysphagia and chewing difficulties

Drooling on affected side (due to lack of closure)

76
Q

What signs can distinguish Unilateral UMN Dysarthria from other dysarthria types?

(3)

A

Unilateral central facial weakness

Unilateral tongue weakness

Severity is rarely worse than moderate

77
Q

How might the speech subsystem be affected in Unilateral UMN Dysarthria?

(4)

A

Articulatory breakdowns

Slow rate of speech

Slow + irregular AMRs

Reduced loudness

78
Q

What is Neuropathophysiology?

A

The likely nature of the neuromotor problem that gives it its distinctive perceptual characteristics

(e.g., weakness, spasticity, incoordination, etc.)

79
Q

Breathiness is usually associate with ______ Dysarthria.

A

Flaccid

80
Q

Glottal Fry is usually associate with ______ Dysarthria.

A

Spastic

81
Q

A Strained-Strangled Voice is usually associate with ______ Dysarthria.

A

Spastic

82
Q

A Slow Rate of Speech is usually associate with ______ Dysarthria.

A

Spastic

83
Q

______ is almost always affected in Spastic Dysarthria.

A

Voice Quality

ECU Motor Speech Disorders (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions