1.2 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Jamie Bevill

What is Cranial Nerve I?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Olfactory

Cerebral hemispheres

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What is Cranial Nerve I?

What is its FUNCTION?

Olfactory

Smell

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What is Cranial Nerve II?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Optic

Diencephalon

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What is Cranial Nerve II?

What is its FUNCTION?

Optic

Vision

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What is Cranial Nerve III?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Oculomotor

Midbrain

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What is Cranial Nerve III?

What is its FUNCTION? (2)

Oculomotor

Eye movement

Pupil constriction

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What is Cranial Nerve IV?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Trochlear

Midbrain

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What is Cranial Nerve IV?

What is its FUNCTION?

Trochlear

Eye movement

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What is Cranial Nerve V?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Trigeminal

Pons

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What is Cranial Nerve V?

What is its FUNCTION? (4)

Trigeminal

Jaw movement

Jaw sensation

Facial sensation

Mouth sensation

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What is Cranial Nerve VI?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Abducens

Pons

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What is Cranial Nerve VI?

What is its FUNCTION?

Abducens

Eye movement

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What is Cranial Nerve VII?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Facial

Pons

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What is Cranial Nerve VII?

What is its FUNCTION? (6)

Facial

Facial movement

Hyoid elevation

Stapedius reflex (to high intensity sound)

Salivation

Lacrimation (flow of tears)

Taste

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What is Cranial Nerve VIII?

Where does it ORIGINATE? (2)

Cochleovestibular (Auditory)

Pons

Medulla

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What is Cranial Nerve VIII?

What is its FUNCTION? (2)

Cochleovestibular (Auditory)

Hearing

Balance

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What is Cranial Nerve IX?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Glossopharyngeal

Medulla

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What is Cranial Nerve IX?

What is its FUNCTION? (4)

Glossopharyngeal

Pharyngeal movement

Pharyngeal sensation

Tongue sensation

Taste

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What is Cranial Nerve X?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Vegus

Medulla

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What is Cranial Nerve X?

What is its FUNCTION? (5)

Vegus

Pharyngeal movement

Pharyngeal sensation

Palatal movement

Laryngeal movement

Control of visceral organs

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What is Cranial Nerve XI?

Where does it ORIGINATE? (2)

Accessory

Medulla

Spinal cord

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What is Cranial Nerve XI?

What is its FUNCTION? (2)

Accessory

Shoulder movement

Neck movement

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What is Cranial Nerve XII?

Where does it ORIGINATE?

Hypoglossal

Medulla

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What is Cranial Nerve XII?

What is its FUNCTION?

Hypoglossal

Tongue movement

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What cranial nerve originates from the Cerebral Hemispheres?

I - Olfactory

What cranial nerve originates from the Diencephalon?

II - Optic

What 2 cranial nerves originate from the Midbrain?

(3-4) III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear

What 4 cranial nerves originate from the Pons?

(5-8) V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial VIII - Cochleovestibular (Auditory)

What 5 cranial nerves originate from the Medulla?

(8-12) VIII - Cochleovestibular (Auditory) IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vegus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal

What cranial nerve is involved in Smell?

I - Olfactory

What cranial nerve is involved in Jaw Movement?

V - Trigeminal

What cranial nerve is involved in Vision

II - Optic

What 3 cranial nerves are involved in Eye Movement

III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear VI - Abducens

What cranial nerve is involved in Hyoid Elevation?

VII - Facial

What cranial nerve is involved in Pupil Constriction?

III - Oculomotor

What cranial nerve is involved in Facial Sensation

V - Trigeminal

What 2 cranial nerves are involved in Pharyngeal Sensation?

IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vegus

What cranial nerve is involved in Lacrimation (tear production)?

VII - Facial

What cranial nerve is involved in Jaw Sensation?

V - Trigeminal

What cranial nerve is involved in the Stapedius Reflex?

VII - Facial

What cranial nerve is involved in the Control of Visceral Organs?

X - Vegus

What cranial nerve is involved in Facial Movement?

VII - Facial

What 2 cranial nerves are involved in Pharyngeal Movement?

IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vegus

What cranial nerve is involved in Mouth Sensation?

V - Trigeminal

What cranial nerve is involved in Balance?

VIII - Cochleovestibular (Auditory)

What cranial nerve is involved in Salivation?

VII - Facial

What cranial nerve is involved in Palatal Movement?

X - Vegus

What 2 cranial nerves are involved in Taste?

VII - Facial IX - Glossopharyngeal

What cranial nerve is involved in Shoulder Movement?

XI - Accessory

What cranial nerve is involved in Hearing?

VIII - Cochleovestibular (Auditory)

What cranial nerve is involved in Tongue Sensation?

IX - Glossopharyngeal

What cranial nerve is involved in Neck Movement?

XI - Accessory

What cranial nerve is involved in Laryngeal Movement?

X - Vegus

What cranial nerve is involved in Tongue Movement?

XII - Hypoglossal

What 6 cranial nerves are most important to SLPs?

V - Trigeminal VII - Facial IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vegus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal

Which is the largest cranial nerve?

V - Trigeminal

What kinds of Sensory Information is transmitted by the Trigeminal Nerve (V)? (2)

Pain, thermal, and tactile sensation from the face and forehead, the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, the teeth, and portions of the cranial dura. Deep pressure and kinesthetic information from the teeth, gums, hard palate, and temporomandibular joint

What does the Trigeminal Nerve (V)? provide Motor Innervation for? (5)

Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid Anterior belly of the digastric Tensor tympani Tensor veli palatini

What are the 3 Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve (V)?

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

What do LMN Lesions of the Masticatory Nucleus cause? | Trigeminal Nerve - V

Paresis or paralysis

Do Unilateral Lesions of the Trigeminal Nerve (V) have major effects on speech?

Do Bilateral Lesions of the Trigeminal Nerve (V) have major effects on speech? (3)

Yes. They can be devastating because the jaw hangs open, cannot be closed, or moves slowly and with limited range. This prevents facial, bilabial, and lingual articulatory movements from achieving accurate place and manner of articulation.

What kind of nerve is the Facial Nerve (VII)?

Mixed motor and sensory nerve

Where does the Facial Nerve (VII) provide MOTOR Innervation? | 2

Muscles of facial expression Stapedius muscle

Where does the Facial Nerve (VII) provide SENSORY Innervation? (3)

Submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal glands Taste receptors on the anterior two thirds of the tongue Nasopharynx

What kind of nerve is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)?

Mixed motor and sensory nerve

Where does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) provide MOTOR Innervation? (2)

Stylopharyngeus Upper constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Where does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) provide SENSORY Innervation? (3)

Pharynx Tongue Eustachian tube

What is damage to the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) associated with? (3)

Reduced pharyngeal sensation Decreased gag reflex Reduced pharyngeal elevation during swallowing

What kind of nerve is the Vagus Nerve (X)?

Motor and sensory nerve

Where does the Vagus Nerve (X) provide MOTOR Innervation? | 1+3

Striated muscles of the... - Soft palate - Pharynx - Larynx

Where does the Vagus Nerve (X) provide SENSORY Innervation? | 3+3

External auditory meatus Taste receptors in the posterior pharynx. Striated muscles of the... - Soft palate - Pharynx - Larynx

Where does the Vagus Nerve (X) provide PARASYMPATHETIC/SENSTATION Innervation? (2)

Thorax Abdominal viscera

What are the 3 Branches of the Vagus Nerve (X)?

Pharyngeal Superior laryngeal Recurrent laryngeal

What structure does the Pharyngeal Branch of the Vegus Nerve supply?

Pharynx

What structure does the Superior Laryngeal Branch of the Vegus Nerve supply?

Cricothyroid

What structure does the Recurrent Laryngeal Branch of the Vegus Nerve supply?

Larynx

What do outcomes of Vagus Nerve (X) lesions depend on?

The particular branch of the nerve damaged

What happens when all the branches of the Vagus Nerve (X) are damaged? (1+3)

Weakness of the... - Soft palate - Pharynx - Larynx

What are the differences between unilateral and bilateral lesions to the Vegus Nerve? (2)

In Unilateral Lesions the soft palate hangs on side of injury and pulls to opposite side during phonation In Bilateral Lesions the soft palate hangs low bilaterally and does not move during phonation

What do Unilateral LMN lesions of the Vegus Nerve (X) effect? (4)

Resonance Voice quality Swallowing Phonation (More than Resonance)

What do Bilateral LMN lesions of the Vegus Nerve (X) effect? (4)

Resonance Phonation Secondary effects on prosody Secondary effects on precision of articulation

What portions of the Accessory Nerve (XI) are SLPS concerned with?

Cranial and spinal portion

What does the Cranial Portion of the Accessory Nerve (XI) contributes to? (4)

Uvula Levator veli palatini Intrinsic laryngeal muscles Intermingled with fibers of the vagus nerve

Why is the Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Important to SLPs?

It receives taste and tactile information important for speech/swallowing

What happens when there is damage to hypoglossal nerve or one of its branches? (2)

Isolated tongue weakness; Consonant (and vowel) distortion