[5.1] Religious fundamentalism Flashcards

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1
Q

According to Giddens (1990), who are fundamentalists?

A

Traditionalists who seek to return to the basics or fundamentals of their religion.

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2
Q

What do fundamentalists believe in?

A

They believe literally and unquestionably in the exact words of their scriptures, and believe their view is the only true view of the world.

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3
Q

What does fundamentalism promise that late modern society cannot?

A

Certainty and rigid religious beliefs.

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4
Q

What is cosmopolitanism?

A

A way of thinking that embraces modernity, and is in keeping with today’s globalised world.

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5
Q

How is one’s lifestyle seen under cosmopolitanism?

A

As a personal choice, rather than something prescribed by external forces.

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6
Q

How does Bauman (1992) see fundamentalism?

A

As a response to post-modernity, which brings freedom of choice.

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7
Q

What are the two responses to post-modernity that Castells (1998) distinguishes between?

A

Resistant identity - a defensive reaction of those who feel threatened.
Project identity - the response of those who are forward looking and progressive.

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8
Q

How does Beckford (2003) criticise Giddens, Bauman and Castells?

A
  1. They distinguish too sharply between cosmopolitan and fundamental movements.
  2. They ignore how globalisation affects non-fundamentalist religions such as Catholicism.
  3. All types of fundamentalism are tarred with the same brush.
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9
Q

What does Bruce (2007) see as the cause of fundamentalism?

A

The perception of religious leaders that today’s globalising world threatens their beliefs and values.

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10
Q

Which type of religion does Bruce (2007) see fundamentalism as restricted to?

A

Monotheistic religions.

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11
Q

What is fundamentalism usually a response to in the West?

A

A change or trend towards diversity and choice.

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12
Q

What is fundamentalism usually a response to in the East?

A

Change being thrust upon a society from the outside.

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