[4.2] Existential security theory

Question 1

What do Norris and Inglehart (2004) suggest is the reason for differing levels of religiosity?

Answer 1

The differing levels of existential security - the feeling that survival is sure enough it can be taken for granted.

Question 2

What need does religion meet?

Answer 2

The need for security.

Question 3

When the need for security is met, what is there no need for?

Answer 3

Religion.

Question 4

In which societies is religiosity high and why?

Answer 4

Poor, famine-ridden societies because they face risks daily.

Question 5

In which societies is religiosity low and why?

Answer 5

Rich societies, because they have a high standard of living and do not have to face life-threatening risks.

Question 6

How do Norris and Inglehart (2004) see the demand for religion?

Answer 6

It is not constant, but varies between societies.

Question 7

Where is demand for religion greatest?

Answer 7

In poor societies.

Question 8

Where in the world is secularisation increasing, and why do Norris and Inglehart (2004) find this unsurprising?

Answer 8

Western Europe, as these are the most secure countries in the world.

Question 9

Why does the USA remain religious according to Norris and Inglehart (2004)?

Answer 9

It is one of the most unequal rich societies and has inadequate welfare resources, meaning people do not feel secure.

Question 10

Evaluate existential security theory in two points.

Answer 10

1. Only quantitative data is used concerning people’s incomes, which may not be the reason why people don’t believe.
2. Religion is only seen as a negative response to deprivation and not a positive response to enhance lives.