5.1 (Neck Muscles and Fascia Layers)

Question 1

Anterior Triangle bordered by

Answer 1

mandible, the jugular notch and the anterior border of the SCM

Question 2

Posterior Triangle bordered by

Answer 2

clavicle, the trapezius and the posterior border of the SCM

Question 3

The superficial fascia surrounds…

Answer 3

superficial lymph nodes, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins and the platysma muscle.

Question 4

Three layers of Deep Fascia

Answer 4

1. Investing Fascia
2. Pretracheal
3. Prevertebral

Question 5

Contents of Investing Fascia

Answer 5

SCM and Trapezius

Question 6

Two layers of pretracheal layer

Answer 6

1. Muscular

2. Visceral

Question 7

Muscular layer of pretracheal layer includes

Answer 7

Infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 8

Visceral layer of pretracheal layer includes

Answer 8

thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus and blends anteriorly with the pericardium

Question 9

Prevertebral layer contains

Answer 9

surrounds the vertebral column, associated deep muscles, and brachial plexus.

Question 10

Alar Fascia surrounds

Answer 10

common and internal carotid arteries and the internal jugular vein, CNX, carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve vessels.

Question 11

Platysma (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 11

Most superficial, Mandible and pectoralis/deltoids, draws corners of mouth inferiorly (facial expressions), CN VIII

Question 12

Muscles in anterior triangle

Answer 12

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Question 13

Muscles in posterior triangle

Answer 13

SCM, scalenes, levator scapulae, splenius capitus, and trapezius

Question 14

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 14

Digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid

Question 15

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 15

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 16

Digastric muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 16

Suprahyoid (above hyoid bone). Anterior belly attaches to mandible/posterior belly attaches to mastoid notch of temporal bone with intermediate tendon connecting to body and greater horn of thyroid. Depresses mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking. CN VII

Question 17

Mylohyoid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 17

Suprahyoid (above hyoid bone). Mandible, body of hyoid. Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking. CN V3

Question 18

Geniohyoid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 18

Suprahyoid (above hyoid bone). Mental spine of mandible, body of hyoid. Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens floor mouth, widens pharynx. C1 via CN XII

Question 19

Stylohyoid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 19

Suprahyoid (above hyoid bone). Styloid process of temporal bone, body of hyoid. Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth. CN VII

Question 20

Sternohyoid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 20

Infrahyoid (below hyoid bone). Manubrium, clavicle, and body of hyoid. Depress hyoid after elevation during swallowing. C1-C3

Question 21

Omohyoid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 21

Infrahyoid (below hyoid bone). Scapula, inferior body of hyoid. Depress, retract, steady hyoid. C1-C3.

Question 22

Sternothyroid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 22

Infrahyoid (below hyoid bone). Manubrium, oblique thyroid cartilage. Depress hyoid and larynx. C2/3

Question 23

Thyrohyoid muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 23

Infrahyoid (below hyoid bone). Oblique thyroid cartilage, body and greater horn of hyoid. Depress hyoid, elevate larynx. C1

Question 24

SCM muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 24

Posterior triangle. Mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal line, sternum, clavicle. Extends and flexes neck. CN XI

Question 25

Anterior Scalene muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 25

Posterior triangle. C3-C6 trans proc vertebrae, 1st rib. Flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib forced inspiration. C4-6

Question 26

Levator scapulae muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 26

Posterior triangle. C1-4 trans proc vertebrae, scapula. Raises scapula. C3-5.

Question 27

Splenius capitus muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 27

Posterior triangle. Nuchal ligament, spin proc T1-6, mastoid proc, nuchal line. Extends and rotates head. Post rami middle cervical spinal nerves.

Question 28

Trapezius muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 28

Posterior triangle. Elevates, retracts ad rotates scapula

Question 29

Middle Scalene muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 29

Posterior triangle.Trans proc C4-7, 1st rib. Flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib forced inspiration. Anterior rami c-spine nerves.

Question 30

Posterior Scalene muscle (location, attachments, purpose, innervation)

Answer 30

Posterior triangle. Trans proc C4-6, 2nd rib. Flexes neck laterally, elevates 2nd rib forced inspiration. Anterior Rami of C7/8