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Anatomy Compiled > 5.1 Endocrine System > Flashcards

5.1 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Bony cavity of the spenoid bone where the pituitary gland lies

A

Sella turcica

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2
Q

The female pituitary gland is (heavier or lighter) than male pituitary gland

A

Female pituitary gland is heavier.

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3
Q

Also the adenohypophysis

A

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

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4
Q

Also the neurohypophysis

A

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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5
Q

The blood supply to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is derived from

A

Circle of willis

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6
Q

Largest and most significant part of anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis

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7
Q

Type of chromophils from anterior pituitary that are more numerous, smaller, and secrete less hormones (growth hormones and prolactin)

A

Acidophils

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8
Q

Type of chromophils from anterior pituitary that are less in number, bigger, and secrete more hormones (lh, fsh, acth, tsh)

A

Basophils

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9
Q

Type of cell from the angerior pituitary that dont stain, with a central nucleus, and are non-functional

A

Chromophobes

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10
Q

The part of pituitary gland that serves only as a storage for hormones, and without any secretory activity

A

Posterior pituitary gland, specifically pars nervosa

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11
Q

Type of cell in pars nervosa which are dominant and resemble astrocyres

A

Pituicytes

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12
Q

Type of cell in the pars nervosa which function as the storage of oxytocin and adh

A

Herring bodies

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13
Q

Paired organs located superior to kidneys

A

Adrenal glands

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14
Q

Shape of the adrenal glands

A

Right: triangularLeft: semilunar in shape

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15
Q

Part of adrenal gland which produces cortisol, aldosterone and androgens

A

Cortex

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16
Q

Part of adren gland which produce epi and norepi

A

Medulla

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17
Q

Blood supply of adrenal gland

A

Superior suprarenal artery from inferior phrenic a. Middle suprarenal a. from abdominal aortaInferior suprarenal a. from renal a.

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18
Q

Venous drainage of adrenal gland

A

Right suprarenal vein drains directly to the IVCLeft suprarenal vein drains inti the left renal vein then into the IVC

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19
Q

True or false: the adrenal cortex does not store products jn granules. They diffuse directly into the plasma

A

True

20
Q

Layer of adrenal cortex which contain arched cords of columnar or pyramidal cells, secreting mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

Zona glomerulisa

21
Q

Layer of adrenal cortex composed of straight cords that are perpendicular to the sruface and secrete cortisol

A

Zona fasciculata

22
Q

Layer of adrenal cortex with irregular cords secreting DHEA

A

Zona reticularis

23
Q

Principal cells in the adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

24
Q

The thyroid gland lies on qhat vertebral level

A

C5-T1

25
Q

The lumen of each follicle of the thuroid is filled with

A

Colloid (large gelatinous protein called thyroglobulin)

26
Q

Lining of thyroid follicles

A

Normal: Simple cuboidal epithHypoactive: squamousVery active: colimnar

27
Q

Cells if the thyroid gland that stain oightly and secrete calcitonin

A

c cells or clear cells or parafollicular cells

28
Q

Structural and functional hormone secreting unit of thyroid gland secreting t3 and t4

A

Principal/F cells or thyrocytes

29
Q

Compare t3 and T4

A

T4: more abundant, longer halflifet3: active, shorter halflife

30
Q

Embryology of thyroid gland

A

1sr and 2nd pharyngeal pouch

31
Q

Embryology of pituitary glands

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

32
Q

Cells of the parathyroid gland that are smalle and polygonal and secrete PTH

A

Principal or chief cells of parathyroid gland

33
Q

Cells of pituitary gland that have acidphillic cytoplasm without secrwtions or apparent function

A

Oxyphils or acidophillic cells

34
Q

Arterial supply of parathryoid gland

A

Inferior thyroid a.

35
Q

Gland characterized by corpora aranacea controlling the daily rhythm of bodily activities

A

Pineal gland

36
Q

Cells that secrete melatonin

A

Pinealocytes

37
Q

Gland containing hassal’s corpuscles. Secretes thymosin and thymopoeitin. Originates from third pair of pharyngeal pouch

A

Thymus

38
Q

Spherical or egg-shaped masses in the pancreas with polygonal or rounded cells

A

Islets of langerhans

39
Q

4 types of cells in the pancreas and the hormones they secrete

A

Alpha: glucagonBeta: insulinDelta: somatostatinF/pp: pancreatic polypeptide

40
Q

Arterial supply of pancreas

A

Body and tail: Splenic arteryHead and neck: Ant and post superior pancreaticoduodenal aaAnt and post. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa

41
Q

Endocrine part of the kidneys which secrete renin

A

JG cells

42
Q

Dense ct surrounding testes

A

Tunica albuginea

43
Q

Cells of testes providing nourishment for spermatids; also produces anti mullerian hormone, inhibin, abp, mis

A

Sertoli cells

44
Q

Cells producing testoseterone; rounded or polygonal cells rich in lipid droplets

A

Leydig cells

45
Q

Cells secretinng estradiol

A

Granulosa cells

46
Q

Steroid producing crlls sith abundant ser, mitochondria and numerous lipid droplet; produces androstenedione

A

Theca interna

47
Q

Secretes hcg

A

Syncitiotriphoblasts

Anatomy Compiled (24 decks)

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