5.1 - Electrons And Bonding Flashcards
What are electron shells?
Help us visualise the whereabouts of electrons in an atom
Features of electron shells
Shells are regarded as energy levels
The energy increases as the shell number increases
What are electron shells made up of?
They are made up of atomic orbitals
This a region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
What are the four different atomic orbitals?
S
P
D
F
What shape are each of the orbitals?
S - sphere
P - dumbbell
D - more complex
F - more complex
How many electrons in each shell?
1 - 2 electrons
2 - 8 electrons
3 - 18 electrons
4 - 32 electrons
Where do the electrons come from in each shell?
Which sub shells are present?
1 - 1s - 2 electrons
2 - 2s, 2p = 2 + 6 = 8
3 - 3s, 3p, 3d = 2 + 6 + 10 =18
4 - 4a, 4p, 4d, 4f = 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 = 32
How many orbitals in each shell?
1 - 1s orbital
2 - 1s, 3p orbitals
3 - 1s, 3p, 5d orbitals
4 - 1s, 3p, 5d, 7f orbitals
How many electrons can all orbitals hold?
2 electrons
Why do electron pairs have opposite spins?
Electrons are negatively charged and repel one another
The spins help counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the electrons
In what order are orbitals filled?
One electron fills each each orbital before pairing starts(same energy level)
Prevents any repulsion between pairs until there are no further orbitals on that energy level
Which has a higher energy level, the 4s sub shell or the 3d sub shell?
The 3D sub shell, so it gets filled first
How would you write the shorthand notation for electron configuration?
Write symbol of a noble gas and write down the remaining configuration.
How do cations form?
Formed when atoms lose electrons
How do anions form?
When atoms gain electrons
