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My AS Level Chemistry - OCR A > 2.1 - Atoms Ions And Compounds > Flashcards

2.1 - Atoms Ions And Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Isotope def

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number, but with a different number of neutrons, resulting in a different mass number

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2
Q

Relative atomic mass def

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element, relative to one-twelfth of the mean mass of an atom of carbon-12

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3
Q

Relative isotopic mas

A

The isotopic mass of an isotope relative to one-twelfth of the mean mass of an atom of carbon-12

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4
Q

Relative molecular mass def

A

The weighted mean mass of a molecule of a compound, relative to one-twelfth of the mean mass of an atom of carbon-12

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5
Q

Ions to remember

A 
NO3^-
SO4^2-
CO3^2-
OH^-
NH4^+
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6
Q

How many particles in one mole(Avogadro’s constant)

A

6.02x10^23 particles in one mole

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7
Q

Useful moles equations

A

-Moles=mass/Mr

-Moles=concentration x volume/1000
(Only when converting dm^3 to cm^3)

Moles = volume(dm^3)/24

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8
Q

Empirical formula def

A

The simplest whole number ration of atoms of each element present in a compound

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9
Q

Molecular formula def

A

The number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

The true number of each atom on the molecule

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10
Q

What is an anhydrous substance?

A

Substance that contains NO water of crystallisation

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11
Q

What is a hydrated substance?

A

Substance that contains water of crystallisation

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12
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution of known concentration

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13
Q

What is the limiting reactant in a reaction?

A

The reactant that is not in excess

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14
Q

Ideal gas equation

A 
pV = nRT
Where:
p = pressure in Pa
V = volume in m3
T = temperature in K
n = moles, mol
m = mass, in grams
R = ideal gas constant - 8.31

-Only under standard conditions
-Temp: 298K/25C
Pressure: 100kPa/101kPA

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15
Q

What is the value for the ideal gas equation?

A

8.31

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16
Q

How to work out percentage yield

A

Experimental mass/theoretical mass x 100

17
Q

How to work out atom economy

A

Mr of desired product/Mr of reactants x100

18
Q

Why is a higher atom economy more desirable to manufacturers?

A
  • The higher the atom economy, the less waste product there is
  • So process is more economically viable for industrial scale manufacture
  • Helps to preserve raw materials as well
19
Q

Def of an acid

A

Substance that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution

20
Q

Def of an alkali

A

Substance that releases OH- in aqueous solution

21
Q

Def of a base

A

Substance that accepts H+ ions from an acid in aqueous solution

22
Q

Common acids to know:

A

-HCl - Hydrochloric Acid
-H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid
-HNO3 - Nitric Acid
-H3PO4 - Phosphoric Acid
CH3COOH - Ethanoic acid

23
Q

Common bases to know:

A
  • NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide
  • KOH - potassium hydroxide
  • NH3 - Ammonia
24
Q

Difference between strong and a weak acid

A
  • A strong acid fully dissociates in aqueous solution

- A weak acid partially dissociates in aqueous solution

25
What is a neutralisation reaction?
Reaction of an acid with a base that usually produces a salt
26
Common reactions between acids and bases
CASHOCO: Acid + Carbonate —> salt + water + CO2 MASH: Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen BASHO: Base/metal oxide + acid —> Salt + water
27
Potential errors in creating a standard solution
- Systematic errors on balance reading - lost substance transfer - Overfilling of volumetric flask
28
How to reduce errors when creating standard solution
- Read volumes from bottom of the meniscus | - Washing methods
29
Oxidation number rules
- Oxidation number of an element is 0 - Oxidation numbers in a neutral compound add up to zero - Oxidation numbers in a charged compound add up to the total charge - Hydrogen has ox number of +1 - Oxygen has ox number of -2 - All halogens have an oxidation number of -1 - Group 1 metals have an oxidation number of +1 - In metal hydrides, the ox number of hydrogen is -1 - In peroxide’s, the ox number of oxygen is -1
30
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
31
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
32
Simple acronym to remember Redox reaction
OILRIG Oxidation is loss(of electrons) Reduction is gain(of electrons)
33
What is an oxidising agent?
- A substance that accepts electrons from the species being oxidised - Therefore it gains electrons and the oxidising agent itself is reduced
34
What is a reducing agent?
- A substance that donates electrons to the species being reduced - Therefore it loses electrons and the reducing agent itself is oxidised
35
What is a disproportionation reaction?
- When a species in a reaction is both oxidised and reduced. | - when oxidation number increases and decreases in separate occasions in the reaction

My AS Level Chemistry - OCR A (14 decks)

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