5.1 Electron Structure Flashcards
What does the principle quantum number n refer to?
The energy level number
What happens to energy as the shell number increases
The energy increases
What are shells made up of
Atomic orbitals
What is an atomic orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up two electrons, with opposite spins
How many electrons can an orbital hold?
one or two
What are the different types of orbitals
s-, p-, d-, f-
What is the shape of an s orbital
Shape of a sphere
How many electrons can an s orbital hold
1 or 2
The greater the shell number n, the _____ the radius of its s orbital
greater
What is the shape of a p orbital
Peanut (horizontal)
How many electrons can a p orbital hold
1 or 2
What is in a p orbital
3 separate p orbitals which are perpendicular to one another
px, py and pz
Each shell from n=2 contains ____ p-orbitals
Three
The ____ the shell number n, the ____ the p-orbital is from the nucleus
Greater
Further
Each shell from n=3 contains ____ d orbitals
Five
Each shell from n=4 contains ____ f orbitals
Seven
What are orbitals of the same type grouped as
sub-shells
Order of filling in the n=2 shell
2s and 2p
Order of filling in the n=3 shell
3s, 3p and 3d
Order of filling in the n=4 shell
4s, 4p, 4d and 4f
The _____ energy level in the third shell overlaps with the _____ energy level in the fourth shell
highest
lowest
Which sub-shell has a higher energy level, 3d or 4s
3d
Which sub-shell fills first, 3d or 4s
4s
Electrons pair with opposite _____
spins
How are spins shown
an arrow up or down
The two electrons in an orbital must have _____ spins. The _____ spins help to counteract the _____ between the _____ charges of the two electrons
opposite
opposite
repulsion
negative
What is electron configuration
Shows how sub-shells are occupied by electrons
How to write shorthand notation for electron configuration
[nearest noble gas] configuration for outer shell
Eg. Li [He]2s^1
How are cations formed?
Positive ions formed when atoms lose electrons
How are anions formed?
Negtive ions formed when atoms pain electrons
How can the periodic table be divided
Into blocks corresponding to their highest energy sub-shell
s-block, p-block, d-block
Which shell empties first, 4s or 3d
4s
It also fills first
