2.1 Atomic Structure and Isotopes Flashcards

1
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses. Most elements are made up of a mixture of isotopes

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2
Q

How are isotopes represented

A
Mass number (A)
                                Chemical symbol Eg. Au
Atomic number (z)
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3
Q

Do isotopes react differently?

A

No. Different isotopes of the same element have the same number of electrons and the number of neutrons has no effect on reactions thus they react similarly

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4
Q

What differences are there between isotopes

A

Small differences in physical properties
Higher mass isotopes with a higher melting point, boiling point and density
BUT chemical reactions are the same

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5
Q

What is heavy water

A

Used to control processes in nuclear reactors
H2O molecules nearly all contain the Hydrogen-1 isotope but in heavy water, D2O, all molecules contain the Hydrogen-2 (deuteurium) isotope
D2O has a greater density than H2O, higher melting point and higher boiling point

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6
Q

What is an ion

A

A charged atom

The number of electrons is different from the number of protons

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7
Q

What is a cation

A

A positive ion, atoms with fewer electrons than protons, thus have an overall positive charge

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8
Q

What is an anion

A

A negative ion, atoms with more electrons than protons, thus have an overall negative charge

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9
Q

Ions are always shown…

A

…with their overall relative charge

Eg. Mg2+

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