5.1 Chemical Examination of urine Flashcards
60s
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
efghi
ppBUN
30s
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
a,b
40s
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
c
45s
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
d
2m
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
k
Double Seq. Enzyme reaction
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
a
pKa change of a polyelectro
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
d
Diazo reaction
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
b
Ehrlich reaction
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
h
Greiss’ reaction
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
i
Pseudoperoxidase
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
g
Sorensen’s error of indicators
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
f
Leukocyte esterase
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
k
Double indicator system
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
e
Na nitroprusside reaction
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
c
Dip the strip no longer than __ second
1
How do you blot the strip?
a. Blot the End part of the strip to remove excess urine
b. Blot the edge of the strip on a disposable absorbent pad
c. Blot facing down
d. Read immediately without bloting
b
When comparing the color reaction of the strip pads to manufacturer color, how do you hold the strip?
a. Hold the strip horizontally
b. Hold the strip Vertically
c. Hold the strip Diagonally
a
By the book
When caring the reagent strips, which of the following does not belong?
a. Store with dessicant in an opaque tightly closed container
b. Store below Below 30 C
c. Freeze
d. Do not expose to volatile fumes
c
What is the Principle of automated Reagent strip readers?
a. Reflectance photometry
b. Chemiluminescence
c. Spectrophotometry
d. Cuvette based Reader
a
A measure of the amount of dissolved substance ion a solution
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
d
Reference value: 1.003 - 1.035
a. Random urine
b. 1st morning urine
c. 24-hour urine
a
If a urine is less than 1.003, is it a urine?
No
except DI
If a urine is more than 1.040, what is the cause?
Radiographic dye
SG = 1.010
a. Isosthernuria
b. Hyposthenuria
c. Hypersthenuria
a
SG = >1.010
a. Isosthernuria
b. Hyposthenuria
c. Hypersthenuria
c
SG = <1.010
a. Isosthernuria
b. Hyposthenuria
c. Hypersthenuria
b
what is the calibration temp for urinometer?
a. 20c
b. 30c
c. 25c
a
What is the correction temp for temp below 20?
a. For every 3C - 0.001
b. For every 2 C - 0.001
c. -For every 1C - 0.001
a
What is the correction for glucose?
a. - 0.001
b. - 0.003
c. - 0.004
c
What is the correction for Protein?
a. - 0.001
b. - 0.003
c. - 0.004
b
Urine volmue required for urinometer?
a. 10-15 mL
b. 30-45mL
c. 5 drops
d. 1 or 2 drops
d
Urine volmue required for Refractometer?
a. 10-15 mL
b. 30-45mL
c. 5 drops
d. 1 or 2 drops
d
Calibration for refractometry?
Distilled SG?
1.000
Instrument based on refractive index?
a. Hydrometer
b. Reagent strip
c. Total solids meter
d. Urinometer
c
Refractometry
Calibration for refractometry?
1.022 +_ 0.001
a. 3% NaCl
b. 5% NaCl
c.7% NaCl
d. 9% Sucrose
b
Calibration for refractometry?
1.034 +_ 0.001
a. 3% NaCl
b. 5% NaCl
c.7% NaCl
d. 9% Sucrose
d
Calibration for refractometry?
1.035 +_ 0.001
a. 3% NaCl
b. 5% NaCl
c.7% NaCl
d. 9% Sucrose
c
Calibration for refractometry?
1.015 +_ 0.001
a. 3% NaCl
b. 5% NaCl
c.7% NaCl
d. 9% Sucrose
a
What is the SG of Triple distilled water?
a. 1.003
b. 3.000
c. 1.000
d.1.010
c
Urine SG by urinometer = 1.025
Urine Temp: 26 C
Urinometer Calibration temp = 20C
What is the corrected SG
1.027
Urine SG by urinometer = 1.025
Glucose: 2g/dl
Protein: 2g/dl
What is the corrected SG
1.011
Urine specimen diluted 1:4 has a reading of 1.014. what is the actual reading?
1.056
What is SG range that can be read in reagent strip?
a. 1.000
b. 1.001
c. 1.002
d. 1.003
a
What is SG range that can be read in reagent strip?
a. 1.040
b. 1.050
c. 1.045
d. 1.030
d
Reagent: Polyelectrolyte, bromothymol blue
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
d
Add _______ to reading when pH is more than or equal to 6.5
a. 0.005
b. 0.003
c. 0.001
d 0.002
a
Which of the following affects SG?
a. pH
b. Glucose
c. Protein
d. Radio. dye
a
Example of Harmonic oscillation densitometry where it is based on the frequency of a soundwave
a. Red IRIS
b. Yellow IRIS
c. Blue IRIS
d. Green IRIS
b
Meaning of IRIS?
a. International Remote Imaging system
b. International Remote Identifying system
c. International Remote Inquiring system
d. International Remote Interference system
a
In IRIS:
IRIS mass Gravity meter
a. 6mL
b. 4mL
c. 2mL
c
In IRIS:
IRIS slide microscope
a. 6mL
b. 4mL
c. 2mL
b
In IRIS:
Required volume
a. 6mL
b. 4mL
c. 2mL
a
pH:
The normal pH for Random is:
a. 4.5-8.0
b. 5.0-6.0
c. 3.0-7.0
d. 5.5-6.5
a
pH:
The normal pH for 1st morning is:
a. 4.5-8.0
b. 5.0-6.0
c. 3.0-7.0
d. 5.5-6.5
b
pH of 9,0 in urine is an indicative of?
a. Unpreserved urine
b. Old urine
c. Contaminated urine
d. A and B
d
Cranberry juice can treat UTI
T or F
T
Decrease in pH is caused by increased in ketone bodies which can cause?
DM
Cause of Alkaline urine are the following except:
a. Renal tubular acidosis
b. Vegetarian diet
c. Vomiting
d. Coffee drinker
d
Methyl red and Bromothymol blue
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
e
Most indicative of renal disease
Protein
Indicative of White foam in urine?
a. Glucose
b. Albumin
c. Bilirubin
d. Nitrite
b
Normal value of protein secreted in urine:
a. <150 mg/ 24 hrs
b. <100 mg/24 hrs
c. <10 mg/ 24 hrs
d. None
a
Most abundant protein in normal urine?
a. Albumin
b. Microalbumin
c. THP (UM)
d. Enzymes
c
Major Serum protein found in urine?
a. Albumin
b. Microalbumin
c. THP (UM)
d. Enzymes
a
<1g/day
a. Normal urinary protein
b. Mild/minimal proteinuria
c. Moderate proteinuria
d. Large/Heavy proteinuria
b
> 3 or 4 g/day
a. Normal urinary protein
b. Mild/minimal proteinuria
c. Moderate proteinuria
d. Large/Heavy proteinuria
d
Intravascular hemolysis
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. APR
a
Muscle injury
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. APR
b
severe inflammation
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. APR
c
What protein can be seen in multiple myeloma?
a. Bence Jones protein
b. Albumin
c. Microlbuminuria
d. Hyperglobinuria
a
Bence jones Proteins are:
a. Ig Light chanins
b. Ig Heavy chains
a
Urine that comprises of Bence- jones Protein will a precipitated urine at what temp?
a. 40-60 C
b. 57 C
c. 37 C
d. 100 C
a
Urine that comprises of Bence- jones Protein will Dissolve in a urine at what temp?
a. 40-60 C
b. 57 C
c. 37 C
d. 100 C
d
Indicator for Diabetic nephropathy that cannot be detected by reagent strip?
a. Microalbumninura
b. Albumin
c. C-protein
d. Bence-Jones protein
a
In Albumin excretion rate, what is the normal values?
a. 0-20 ug/min
b. 20-200 ug/min
c. >200 ug/min
b
If the AER (Albumin Excretion Rate ) Values is 20-200 ug/min, the urine contains?
Microalbuminuria
An Ab-enzyme conjugate that binds albumin which is the Micral test, what is the Principle?
a. Reflectance photometry
b. Spectrophotometry
c. Enzymeimmunoassay
d. Immunoelectrophoresis
c
What is the positive and negative indicator for micral test?
a. N: Red ; P: White
b. N: White ; P: Red
c. N: White ; P: Blue
d. N: Blue ; P: White
b
Orthostatic / Cadet / Proteinuria
What happens in First morning specimen?
a. Positive
b. Negative
b
Orthostatic / Cadet / Proteinuria
What happens in 2hrs standing?
a. Positive
b. Negative
a
Clinical proteinuria
What happens in First morning specimen and 2hrs standing?
a. Positive
b. Negative
a
Tetrabromphenol blue
Tetrachlorophenol Tetrabromo sulfonophthalein
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. S.G
e. PH
f. Protein
g. Blood
h. Urobili
i. Nitrite
k. Leuko
f
Citrate buffer for Protein reagent strip contains about what pH?
a. 6
b. 5
c. 4
d. 3
d
The protein indicator is sensitive to albumin
T or F
T
A cold precipitation test that tracts equally with all forms of protein
a. Exon’s test
b. Exton’s Tests
c. Exo test
d. Extent Tests
b
The procedure for Extons tests includes:
3 mL of _______ + 3mL centrifuged urine (10 mins incubation
a. 3% SSA
b. 5% SSA
c. 7% SSA
d. 9% SSA
a
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
Turbidity with granulation but no flocculation
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
d
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
Turbidity with granulation and flocculation
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
e
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
Distinct turbidity with no granulation
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
c
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
Clumps of protein
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
f
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
6-30
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
b
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
100 - 200
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
d
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
30-100
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
c
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
200-400
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
e
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
50 mg/dl
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
c
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
500 mg/dL
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
e
In Grading for Exton’s Test:
1.0g/dL or more
a. Neg
b. Trace
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
f
What happens to the protein if the urine is highly alkaline?
a. False positive
b. False negative
b
Most frequently tested parameter in Urine?
a. Urea
b. Blood
c. Bilirubin
d. Glucose
d. Glucose
Decreased in glucose in the blood and increased in Urine
a Hyperglycemia-associated
b. Renal associated glycosuria
b
Increased glucose on both urine and blood
a Hyperglycemia-associated
b. Renal associated glycosuria
a
Fanconi syndrome
a Hyperglycemia-associated
b. Renal associated glycosuria
b
DM
a Hyperglycemia-associated
b. Renal associated glycosuria
a
Oxidizing reagent used in glucose strip causes
a. F (+)
b. F (-)
a
Glucose + oxygen— ________ –> Gluconic acid + H2O2
a. Peroxidase
b. Glucose oxidase
b
H2O2 + Chromogen –______–> Oxidized chromogen + H2O
a. Peroxidase
b. Glucose oxidase
a
A non specific test that detects carbohydrate sugars?
a. Copper reduction test
b. Benedict’s test
c. Clinitest
d. All of the above
d
What is the Principle for Benedict’s test?
a. Spectrophotometry
b. Electrophoresis
c. Neutralization
d. Copper reduction
d
Reporting for Benedi’ts Test
Bluish green color
a. Neg
b. Tr
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
b
Reporting for Benedi’ts Test
Green color, green, or yellow precipitate
a. Neg
b. Tr
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
c
Reporting for Benedi’ts Test
Yellow Orange color
a. Neg
b. Tr
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
e
Reporting for Benedi’ts Test
Brick red
a. Neg
b. Tr
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
f
Reporting for Benedi’ts Test
Yellow Green / Yellow
a. Neg
b. Tr
c. 1+
d. 2+
e. 3+
f. 4+
d
Reducing agent for Benedict’s test causes
a. F (+)
b. F (-)
a
Oxidizing agent for Benedict’s test causes
a. F (+)
b. F (-)
b
Result from increased metabolism due to inability to catabolize carbs
a. Glucose
b. Bilirubin
c. Ketones
d. Urobilinogen
c
▪ β-hydroxybutyric acid - ___%
▪ Diacetic acid / Acetoacetic acid - ___%
▪ Acetone - 2%
a. 78, 20
b. 79, 19
c. 76, 22
d. 77. 21
a
What is the color for the principle of Sodium nitropruside in the strip for ketones?
a. violet
b. Blue
c. Red
d. Green
a
Cloudy red urine
a. Hematuria
b. Hemoglobinuria
c. Myoglobinuria
a
Clear red or red brown
a. Hematuria
b. Hemoglobinuria
c. Myoglobinuria
c
Clear red
a. Hematuria
b. Hemoglobinuria
c. Myoglobinuria
b
Hematuria is caused by crenated cells
T or F
T
Which of the following is toxic to the renal tubules?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. Bilirubin
d. Porphyrin
b
Hemoglobin is toxic but myoglobin is more toxic
Pale yellow plasma
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
b
Red or pink plasma
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
a
How do you differentiate Hemoglobin and myoglobin?
a. Beer’s test
b. Clinitest
c. Blondheim’s test
d. Watson-Schwartz test
c
Blondheim’s test Reagent?
a. Sodium peroxidase
b. Myosulfate
c. Ammonium Sultate
d. Sulfuric acid
c
In Blondheim’s test which among the following is precipitated when added ammonium sulfate?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
a
In Blondheim’s test which among the following is NOT precipitated when added ammonium sulfate?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
b
In Blondheim’s test which among the following is positive when strip is added?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
b
What is the color for Hemoglobin in Blood strip test?
a. Violet
b. Blue-Red
c. Green / Blue
d. Yellow
c
In bilirubin, Conjugated Bilirubin is being excreted in urine
T or F
T
Color of urine with bilirubin
a. Yellow foam
b. Tea-colored Urine
c. Both
d. Neither
c
Positive reaction of Bilirubin in Reagent strip
a. Yellow
b. Pink - Violet
c. Violet
d. Red
b
Differentiate Urobilinogen, porphobilinogen and Ehrlich reactive compounds
a. Hoersch test
b. Clinitest
c. Blondheim’s test
d. Watson-Schwartz test
d
In Watson-Schwartz test
Soluble in Chloroform and Butanol indicates?
a. Urobilinogen
b. porphobilinogen
c. Ehrlich reactive
a
In Watson-Schwartz test
Insoluble in Chloroform and Butanol indicates?
a. Urobilinogen
b. porphobilinogen
c. Ehrlich reactive
b
In Watson-Schwartz test
insoluble in Chloroform but soluble in Butanol indicates?
a. Urobilinogen
b. porphobilinogen
c. Ehrlich reactive
c
screening test for porphobilinogen
a. Hoersch test
b. Clinitest
c. Blondheim’s test
d. Watson-Schwartz test
a
Inverse Ehrlich reaction
a. Hoersch test
b. Clinitest
c. Blondheim’s test
d. Watson-Schwartz test
a
Specimen for nitrite determination
a. 1st morning
b. Random
c. 4 hour urine
d. A and c
d
Dietary nitrates is found in
a. Juice
b. Water
c. Meat
d. Vegetables
d
- Multistix (M): Polymethylvinyl ether maleic anhydride
- Chemstrip (C): Ethylene glycol diaminoethyl ether tetraacetic acid
- pH indicator: Bromthymol blue
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
a
M: Tetrabromophenol blue
C: tetrachlorophenoltetrabromosulfon-phtalein
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
c
Sodium nitroprusside
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
e
- Multistix: Diisopropyl-benzenedihydro-peroxide
- Chemstrip: Dimethyl-dihydroperoxyhexane Tetramethylbenzidine
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
f
- Multistix: Dichloroaniline diazonium salt
- Chemstrip: Dichlorobenzene diazonium salt
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
g
M: p-arsanilic acid tetrahydrobenzo-quinolinol
C: Sulfanilamide-hydroxy THBQ
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
i
- Multistix: Pdimethylaminobenzaldehyde
- Chemstrip: Methoxyenzene-diazoniumtetrafluoroborate
a. SG
b. pH
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Ketones
f. Blood
g. Bilirubin
h. Urobilinogen
i. Nitrite
J. Leukocyte esterase
h
