4.1 Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards
Normal Urine Volume per 24 hrs
a. 600- 2000ml
b. 1200-1500mL
a
Avergae urine volume per 24 hrs
a. 600- 2000ml
b. 1200-1500mL
b
Day : Night Ratio for urine?
2-3:1
volume requirment for urine:
Capacity?
Required mL?
a. 50mL, 10-15mL
b. 50mL, 20-30mL
c. 60mL, 10-15mL
d. 60mL, 30-45mL
a
> 2000 mL / 24hrs, Increased volume
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
a
Increased SG
a. DM
b. DI
a
Decreased SG
a. DM
b. DI
b
Decreased urine volume
<500mL or < 400mL
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
b
Complete cessation of urine flow
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
c
<100 mL
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
c
Excretionof more than 500 mL of urine at night
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
d
Has a spceific gravity of SG <1.018
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
d
Causes: Pregnancy, Prostate enlargement
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
d
Any change in urine excretion
a. Polyuria
b. Oliguria
c. Anuria
d. Nocturia
e. Diuresis
e
High specific grabity with colorless urine may be an indicative of?
DM
How to distinguish Urine color properly?
a. Read against a dark background
b. Bird eye view at the top of the tube
c. Look down though the container agains a white background
c
Present in old specimen (Dark yellow or orange)
a. Urochrome
b. uroerythin
c. Urobilin
c
Present in old specimen (Dark yellow or orange)
a. Urochrome
b. uroerythin
c. Urobilin
c
May deposit in amorphous urates and uric acid crystals
a. Urochrome
b. uroerythin
c. Urobilin
b
Major Pigment
Directly proportional to metabolic rate
a. Urochrome
b. uroerythin
c. Urobilin
a
Contains RBC
a. Dark Yellow
b. Orange - Yellow
c. Green
d. Pink or red
d
A Red / pink urine with cloudy or smoky red (Hematuria) may contain?
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. RBC
c
CLEAR red
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. RBC
a
Contains Pyridium (Ohenazopyridine
a. Dark Yellow
b. Orange - Yellow
c. Green
d. Pink or red
b
Contains Yellow foam with tea-colored urine
a. Dark Yellow
b. Orange - Yellow
c. Green
d. Pink or red
b
Contains phenol
a. Dark Yellow
b. Orange - Yellow
c. Green
d. Pink or red
c
Contains Carotene
a. Dark Yellow
b. Orange - Yellow
c. Green
d. Pink or red
a
Contains porphyrin / looks like port wine
a. Burgundy / Purplish-red
b. Brown / Black
c. Milky white
a
Increase WBC
a. Burgundy / Purplish-red
b. Brown / Black
c. Milky white
c
Methemoglobin, homogentisic acid
a. Burgundy / Purplish-red
b. Brown / Black
c. Milky white
b
Melanin
a. Burgundy / Purplish-red
b. Brown / Black
c. Milky white
b
Methemoglobin = Alkaline urine
Homogentisic acid = Alkaptonuria
Melanin = Upon air exposure
These are the following causes black urine, which of them is wrong?
Methemoglobin
Can be seen in acidic urine
The clarity of the urine should be viewed a
a. Blank white paper
b. Newspaper
c. Dark colored newspaper
b
Few Particulates, print easily seen
a. Clear
b. Hazy
c. Turbid
d. Milky
b
Print CANNOT be seen
a. Clear
b. Hazy
c. Turbid
d. Milky
c
Precipitated or Clotted
a. Clear
b. Hazy
c. Turbid
d. Milky
d
Which of the following is non pathogenic:
- Bacteria
- Yeast
- Amorphous Urates
- RTE
Amorphous urates
Soluble in dilute acetic acid:
- RBCs
- Spermatozoa
- Amorphous urates
- Carbonates
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 1,3 and 4
c. 2,3 and 4
s. 1,2,3, and 4
b
Insoluble in dilute acetic acid:
- WBCs
- Bacteria
- Yeasts
- Spermatozoa
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 1,3 and 4
c. 2,3 and 4
s. 1,2,3, and 4
d
Soluble in Ether
- Lipids
- Lymphatic Fluid
- Chyle
- Spermatozoa
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 1,3 and 4
c. 2,3 and 4
s. 1,2,3, and 4
a
Soluble with heat
- Amorphous urates
- Uric acid crystals
- Chyle
- Spermatozoa
a. 2 and 3
b. 1 and 4
c. 1 and 2
s. 1,2,3, and 4
c
Alkaline urine
- Amorphous Phosphate
- Uric acid crystals
- Chyle
- Carbonates
a. 2 and 3
b. 1 and 4
c. 1 and 2
s. 1,2,3, and 4
b
Urine odor:
Normal
a. Aromatic, Fragrant
b. Odorless
c. Foul, ammonical, pungent
d. Fruity, Sweet
a
Urine odor:
Old urine or UTI (P. vulgaris)
a. Aromatic, Fragrant
b. Odorless
c. Foul, ammonical, pungent
d. Fruity, Sweet
c
Urine odor:
Acute tubular necrosis
a. Aromatic, Fragrant
b. Odorless
c. Foul, ammonical, pungent
d. Fruity, Sweet
b
Urine odor:
DM
a. Aromatic, Fragrant
b. Odorless
c. Foul, ammonical, pungent
d. Fruity, Sweet
d
Maple syrup urine disease
a. Caramel, curry
b. Mousy, musty
c. Rancid butter
d. Sweaty feet
a
Isovaleric acidemia
a. Caramel, curry
b. Mousy, musty
c. Rancid butter
d. Sweaty feet
d
Tyrosinemia
a. Caramel, curry
b. Mousy, musty
c. Rancid butter
d. Sweaty feet
c
Phenylketonuria
a. Caramel, curry
b. Mousy, musty
c. Rancid butter
d. Sweaty feet
b
Trimethylaminuria
a. Cabbage
b. S, Rotten egg
c. Rotting fish
d. Pungent, fetid
c
Asparagus
a. Cabbage
b. S, Rotten egg
c. Rotting fish
d. Pungent, fetid
d
Methionine malabsorption
a. Cabbage
b. S, Rotten egg
c. Rotting fish
d. Pungent, fetid
a
Cystine disorder
a. Cabbage
b. S, Rotten egg
c. Rotting fish
d. Pungent, fetid
b
