2.1 Renal Functions Flashcards
The basic structural unit of kidneys?
Nephron
2 types of nephron?
C
J
Cortical nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Order of urine fomration?
G
P
L
D
C
Glomerulus
Proximal CT
Loop of Henle
Distal CT
Collecting duct
After the collecting duct, Where does the urine go?
C
R
Calyx
Renal Pelvis
Plasma can pass through the glomerulus
T or F
T
The kidneys receive 25% of the total cardiac output
T or F
T
In Glomerular filtration:
What are the substance being filtered and reabsorbed by the body?
SWAG
Salts
Water
Amino Acids
Glucose
Purpose of capillaries in kidneys?
for secretion, and reabsortion
Renal Functions include:
R
G
T
T
Renal blood flow
glomerular filtrationn
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion
This carries the blood and goes inside the kidney
a. Renal artery
b. Renal vessels
a
This arteriole that is approching the glomerulus which performs the filtration
a. Afferent
b. Efferent
a
This arteriole exits the glomerulus after filtration
Efferemt
Capillaries that surroungs the nephrons
Peritubular capillaries
This is where counter-current happens
VR
Vasa Recta
What type of blood is being transfered in the renal vein?
Filtered or unfiltered?
Filtered
Total Renal blood Flow?
a. 600 ml/min
b. 800 ml/min
c. 1200 ml/min
d. 1200 ml/s
c
Total Renal PLASMA flow
a. 600 ml/min
b. 700 ml/min
c. 1200 ml/min
d. A and B
d
Glomerulus Resembles?
a. Noodles
b. Sieve
c. Furball
d. hair
b
Glomerulus is a non selective filter of plasma substance with MW of?
a. <60kDa
b. <70kDa
c. <80kDa
d. <90kDa
b
Examples that can pass through glomerulus
SWAGU
Salts
Water
Amino acids
Glucose
Urea
Substance that pass through the filtrate are called?
a. Glomerular substance
b. Glomerular fluids
c. Glomerular filtrate
c
What is the specific gravity for glomerular Filtrate?
1.010
Why albumin cannot be filtered through the glomerulus even though it;s molecular weight is 69kDa?
Due to the shield of negativity
Why does the charge of albumin can be positive?
due to pH <4.9 (Acidic)
Functions of Proximal Convoluted tubule is to:
a. reabsorbs Only Salts and Water
b. Reabsorbs Salts, Water and Amino acids
c. Reabsorbs Salts, Water and Amino acids, and glucose
d. Reabsorbs Salts, Water and Amino acids, glucose, and urea
d
What is the renal threshold of glucose?
a. 160 - 180 g/dl
b. 160 - 180 mg/L
c. 160 - 180 mg/dl
d. 160 - 180 g/L
c
PCT can reabsorb up to %?
a. 50%
b. 60%
c. 65%
d. 55%
c
Incases of hyponatremia, what hormone is increase?
a. Aldosterone
b. ADH
c. Renin
a
Incases of dehydration, what hormone is increase?
a. Aldosterone
b. ADH
c. Renin
b
Urea is approximately ____% is being reabsorb by the kidneys
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60
b
What is the major site of Reabsorption for SWAGU?
a. PCT
b. LoH
c. DCT
d. Collecting Duct
a
What is mainly reabsorb in Descending loop of henle?
a. Water
b. Salt
a
What is mainly reabsorb in Ascending loop of henle?
a. Water
b. Salt
b
Amino acids are completely reabsorb to the body
T or F
T
May release to the urine in VERY minimal amounts
Urea is approximately ____% is being excreted to the urine
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60
d
Regulates water reabsortion in DCT and CD
a. ADH
b. Renin
c. Aldosterone
a
As hydration increase, ADH decrease
T or F
T
What associated disease with lack of ADH?
a. DI
b. DM
c. SIADH
a
What associated disease with excess of ADH?
a. DI
b. DM
c. SIADH
c
Regulates salt reabsortion
a. ADH
b. Renin
c. Aldosterone
c
Decrease in blood pressure and dehydration causes the release of renin in?
a. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
b. Cortex
c. Medulla
d. Kidney
a
Renin converts into Angiotensin 1 from:
a. Angiotensinogen
b. ACE
a
Angiotensin 1 converts into Angiotensin 2 due to
a. Angiotensinogen
b. ACE
b
A2 causes:
- Vasoconstriction
- Release aldosterone
- Increase Salt reabsorption
T or F
T
Angiotensin I: Inactive
Angiotensin II: Active
T or F
T
Normal pH of the in the blood?
a. 7.40
b. 7.50
c. 7.20
a
Increase Hydrogen causes basic urine
T or F
f
Acid urine
Renal Tubular Acidosis:
a. Urine is Acidic
b. Urine is alkaline
c. Blood is alkaline
d. A and C
b
Glomerular Filtration:
This evaluates GF?
Clearance test
Most common Clearance test:
a. Urea
b. Creatinine
c. Inulin
d. Cystatin C
b
Gold standard for clearance test?
a. Urea
b. Creatinine
c. Inulin
d. Cystatin C
c
Formula for Creatinine clearance?
(UV/P) x (1.73m^2/A)
What is the meaning of āUā in Creatinine clearance formula?
a. Urine Creatinine
b. Plasma
c. Urine Volume
a
In Cockgroft and Gault formula, WaWhat are the Variables?
a. Ethnicity, Age, Sex, Body weight
b. Ethnicity, Age, Sex, Body weight, Gender
c. Age, Sex, Body weight
d. Age, Sex, Body weight, Gender
c
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease System Formula, what are the Variables for this?
a. Ethnicity, BUN, Creatinine
b. Ethnicity, Serum albumin, BUN
c. Age, Ethnicity, BUN, Creatinine
d. BUN, Creatinine, Serum Albumiin
b
In Tubular Reabsorption:
This test evaluates the tubular reabsorption
a. Concentration test
b. Clearance test
a
most commonly uesd and serve as reference method
a. p-aminohippuric acid
b. Phenolsulfonphthalein
a
