51 - Acidosis and Alkalosis

Question 1

Physiological pH is between ___ and ___

Answer 1

7. 35

7. 45

Question 2

Normal PaCO2 is ___

Answer 2

40mmHg

Question 3

When the disturbance is due to respiratory system- ___ compensation

Answer 3

metabolic

Question 4

When the disturbance is due to metabolic system- ___ compensation

Answer 4

respiratory

Question 5

How do you calculate the delta ratio?

Answer 5

[AG] - 12
______
24 - [HCO3]

Question 6

What does delta ratio < 0.4 suggest?

Answer 6

pure NAGMA (Non-anion-gap metabolic acidosis)

Question 7

What does delta ratio 0.4-0.8 suggest?

Answer 7

mixed NAGMA + HAGMA

Question 8

What does delta ratio 0.8-2.0 suggest?

Answer 8

pure HAGMA

Question 9

What does delta ratio > 2.0 suggest?

Answer 9

mixed HAGMA + metabolic acidosis

Question 10

How do you calculate anion gap?

Answer 10

Na - (Cl + HCO3)

Question 11

What are the normal values of AG?

Answer 11

12 +-4 mEq/L

Question 12

Raise in HCO3 occurs when there is metabolic ____ or respiratory ___ (___)

Answer 12

alkalosis
acidosis
compensation

Question 13

For every decrease of ___ gr of albumin we should add ___ to the AG

Answer 13

1

2.5

Question 14

Cations like __ and ___ will lead to HAG but should not be corrected

Answer 14

calcium

magnesium

Question 15

Metabolic acidosis is classified as ___ or ___

Answer 15

HAG

NAG

Question 16

AG CAT MUDPILES

Answer 16

CO
Aminoglycosides
Theophylline

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
Iron/Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis
Ethanol/Ethylene glycol
Salicylate/ASA/Aspirin

Question 17

When should we treat metabolic acidosis with base? (3)

Answer 17

pH <7.1
elderly + severe cardiac disease
no HCO3 potential in the plasma

Question 18

When treating metabolic acidosis with base we must regulate the ___. The aim is to achieve pH of ___ nd HCO3 of ___. NEVER TRY AND FIX TO NORMAL LEVELS.

Answer 18

Potassium
7.2
10-12

Question 19

What are the 4 groups of HAG?

Answer 19

lactic acidosis
ketoacidosis
ingested toxins
RF (acute/chronic)