179 - Leptospirosis Flashcards
Leptospirosis is usually ___ or with light __, __ and __.
asymptomatic
fever
headache
myalgia
Severe leptospirosis present with __, __, and __ (mostly __)
jaundice
renal failure
bleeding
pulmonary
Leptospirosis transmission is via direct contact with __, __, __, __.
urine
blood
tissue
water reservoir
Leptospirosis penetrate to the body through __/__ and the spreads is __.
skin cracks/mucosa
hematogenic
Leptospirosis incubation is between - weeks and up to __ days, then the bacteria can be found in __->__->__
1-2 30 blood CSF urine
Mild leptospirosis symptoms include __ signs. May look like ___ due to __ and other symptoms
flu-like
aseptic meningitis
photophobia
Physical examination may show: 5
conjunctiva erythema hepatosplenomegaly jaundice lymphadenopathy rash
Mild leptospirosis usually resolves __ within - days.
spontaneously
7-10
Severe leptospirosis typical presentation is called- __
Weil’s syndrome
Weil’s syndrome triade:
jaundice
hemorrhage
acute kidney injury
Leptospiral meningitis includes ___ status changes, and has up to __% chance for mortality if left untreated.
mental
13
Mortality due to leptospirosis is usually caused by __ and __ or complications due to __ originating in the GI/urinary/cutaneous/pulmonary system.
septic shock
MOF
hemorrhage
Leptospirosis lab is usually unspecific, but can show __ due to __ consumption. Inflammatory index increase (__, __, __)
thrombocytopenia
platelets
CRP/ESR/procalcitonin
What are the electrolyte and liver changes in leptospirosis?
hypokalemia elevated Cr elevated urea elevated bilirubin elevated transaminase/ALP/amylase
Leptospirosis urine will show: 5
leukocytes erythrocytes hyaline cast granular casts protein
Leptospirosis CSF will show: 5
pleocytosis
PMN dominance followed by lymphocytes dominance
In pulmonary involvement the CXr will show a bilateral __ image, resembling diffused alveolar __, mostly in the __ lobes. Severe cases may show __ image.
patchy
hemorrhage
lower
ground glass
Definitive diagnosis is done with __
PCR
Leptospirosis infection has 2 phases: __ and __
acute
immune
Severe leptospirosis should be treated with __/ __/ __
penicillin G / cephalosporines (ceftriaxone/cefotaxime) / doxycycline
Mild leptospirosis should be treated with PO __/__/__/__
doxycycline/ azithromycin/ ampicillin/ amoxicillin
In rare cases, when treating leptospirosis, __ reaction may occur
Jarisch Herxheimer
Beside ABx, when treating leptospirosis, consider adequate __ treatment depending on the __ function.
supportive
renal
