509 Atoms Flashcards
Atoms combine to form?
Molecules
What are cells made up of?
Molesules
Tissues are made up of?
Cells
Organs are made up of?
Tissues
What is matter?
anything that occupies space and has mass
what state does matter come in?
Solid, liquid, gaseous
How can matte changed?
Physically - to solid, liquid, gas
chemically - changes alter the chemical composition of substance
What is the structure of an atom?
made up of
+ protons - in the nucleus
0 neutrons - in the nucleus
- Electrons - valence shell - orbits around the nucleus
how do you find the atomic number of an atom?
Protons + neutons = atomic number
eg: sodium = Na 23
11 protons
12 neutons
Na =
Sodium
Ca =
Calcium
H =
Hydrogen
O =
Oxygen
CH
Chloride
K =
Potassium
Mg =
Magnesium
what 4 forms of energy are there?
Electrical - nerve impulses
mechanical - pedaling a bike/ moving matter
Radiant - travels in waves / xrays / uv light enegy
chemical - stored/potential energy thats becomes kinetic eg starting a car
What is energy that is doing work?
Kinetic eg - bouncing ball
What is energy that is inactive or stored?
Potential energy eg - batteries
What is Bonding?
Chemical bonds
When the outer most valence shell contains fewer then 8 electron
an atom will gain/lose/share electrons with other atoms to reach a stable state
What types of chemical bonds are there?
Ionic bonds
covalent bonds
What is an ionic bond?
Where one atom gives away an electron and becomes +positive (cation)
another receives an electron and becomes - negative (anion)
what is an example of an ionic bond?
Na gives electron to CL and becomes = NaCL
These are 2 charged ions and then attract to each other
What is a covalent bond?
an atom that shares electrons
What is an example of a colavent bond?
O+C+O = CO2
Colavent bonds that are shared equally are called?
Non polar colavent molecules
Colavent bonds that are not shared equally are called?
Polar molecule
has two charged poles
one end slightly more negative than the other = polar
What is an example of a colavent bond?
Water H2O = 1 + O + 1
what are important molecules in the body?
CHO
What does CHO stand for?
carbon hydrogen oxygen organic compounds - carbohydrates and proteins
Long chain?
polymers
single units in long chain?
monomers
what joins monomers together in polymers chain?
Dehydration systhesis
what sugars make up monosaccharides?
glucose
fructose
galactose
what sugars make up dissacharides?
maltose
lactose
surose
what sugars make up polysacharides?
Cellulose (fibre)
glycogen
starch
